1508 lines
56 KiB
TeX
1508 lines
56 KiB
TeX
\documentclass[11pt]{article}
|
|
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
|
|
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
|
|
\usepackage{geometry}
|
|
\usepackage{hyperref}
|
|
\usepackage{longtable}
|
|
\usepackage{array}
|
|
\usepackage{enumitem}
|
|
\usepackage{listings}
|
|
\geometry{margin=1in}
|
|
|
|
\title{Cultural Ontology for Utterance Lowering:\\
|
|
A Qualitative Meta-Analysis for Weksa}
|
|
\author{Weksa Research Notes}
|
|
\date{2026-06-09}
|
|
|
|
\begin{document}
|
|
\maketitle
|
|
|
|
\begin{abstract}
|
|
This paper synthesizes contemporary work on linguistic relativity,
|
|
sociolinguistic indexicality, language ideology, dialect grammar, and automated
|
|
language-system bias in order to define a typed cultural-ontology state shape
|
|
for Weksa. The synthesis rejects strong linguistic determinism and instead
|
|
adopts a weaker but operationally useful position: language varieties and
|
|
culture-bearing speech communities do not determine thought, but they do make
|
|
some distinctions grammatically obligatory, pragmatically salient, socially
|
|
indexed, or interactionally dangerous. For a generation system, those pressures
|
|
must be represented explicitly before interlingua is lowered into plausible
|
|
utterances. The proposed schema treats cultural ontology as a realization lens:
|
|
it does not own source meaning, speaker identity, or final wording; it owns
|
|
salience axes, social-indexical meanings, dialect affordances, activation gates,
|
|
evidence, and forbidden flattenings.
|
|
\end{abstract}
|
|
|
|
\section{Status and Scope}
|
|
|
|
This is a qualitative meta-analysis rather than a numerical meta-analysis. The
|
|
source literature spans cognitive linguistics, linguistic anthropology,
|
|
sociolinguistics, dialectology, corpus documentation, and AI fairness research.
|
|
The evidence is therefore not commensurable as effect sizes. The useful output
|
|
for Weksa is a design synthesis: a schema that can preserve cultural and
|
|
dialectal pressure without turning culture into stereotypes or dialects into
|
|
surface accent filters.
|
|
|
|
The immediate design targets are:
|
|
|
|
\begin{itemize}[noitemsep]
|
|
\item African American English / African American Language as a dialect or
|
|
speech tradition with systematic grammar and cultural indexicality.
|
|
\item Regional and contact-influenced US English targets, including West
|
|
Coast, East Coast, Deep South, and New York/Yiddish-contact registers as
|
|
explicit overlays rather than one generic American flavor.
|
|
\item Scottish targets that distinguish Scots, Scottish Standard English,
|
|
Highland English, and Scottish Gaelic influence instead of collapsing them
|
|
into a single ``Scottish'' costume.
|
|
\item Regional Brazilian Portuguese targets such as urban Rio slang, a Sao
|
|
Paulo television-reporter register, and a Minas Gerais worker persona, all as
|
|
explicit profile stacks rather than one generic Brazilian flavor.
|
|
\item Japanese regional and historical targets, including contemporary
|
|
dialects and historical stages represented through NINJAL and related corpus
|
|
resources.
|
|
\item A general cultural-ontology profile format suitable for CultCache
|
|
storage, Qdrant evidence retrieval, and later utterance lowering.
|
|
\end{itemize}
|
|
|
|
\section{Method}
|
|
|
|
Sources were selected by relevance to four questions:
|
|
|
|
\begin{enumerate}[noitemsep]
|
|
\item What remains useful in contemporary interpretations of Sapir--Whorf or
|
|
linguistic relativity?
|
|
\item How do dialects, registers, and styles carry social meaning?
|
|
\item What must be represented to produce AAVE/AAL and Scottish dialectal
|
|
output without caricature?
|
|
\item What failures do automated language systems already exhibit around
|
|
dialects, especially African American English?
|
|
\end{enumerate}
|
|
|
|
The evidence was grouped into five families: relativity, indexicality and
|
|
identity, language ideology, dialect documentation, and computational bias.
|
|
Open PDFs were cached under
|
|
\texttt{docs/research/cultural-ontology/sources/pdfs/} when the source exposed a
|
|
stable, legally accessible copy. Sources that could not be cached are recorded
|
|
in the source manifest.
|
|
|
|
\section{Findings}
|
|
|
|
\subsection{Relativity Is Best Treated as Realization Pressure}
|
|
|
|
Strong linguistic determinism is not a sound engineering doctrine. Contemporary
|
|
work is more modest and more useful: language influences cognition most
|
|
reliably where speakers must package thought for expression. Slobin's
|
|
``thinking for speaking'' reframes relativity as the routinized attention that
|
|
speakers bring to events while preparing them for grammar and discourse
|
|
\cite{slobin1996}. Lucy's reformulation also separates linguistic diversity
|
|
from determinism and treats relativity as an empirical question about how
|
|
language-specific categories guide interpretation \cite{lucy1992,lucy1997}.
|
|
Wolff and Holmes summarize the modern resurgence as contested but productive:
|
|
language can affect thought, but effects vary by domain, task, and mechanism
|
|
\cite{wolffholmes2011}.
|
|
|
|
For Weksa, this means the interlingua should continue to own source meaning,
|
|
while cultural ontology owns the distinctions that become salient during
|
|
utterance realization. A cultural profile should not claim that a speaker
|
|
cannot think outside its categories. It should claim that a lowerer must inspect
|
|
some categories before producing an honest utterance.
|
|
|
|
\subsection{Culture Reaches Language Through Indexicality, Ideology, and Practice}
|
|
|
|
Language forms do not merely encode propositions. They index social relations,
|
|
stance, identity, authority, authenticity, and membership. Silverstein's
|
|
indexical order explains how forms can presuppose and create social context at
|
|
multiple orders of awareness \cite{silverstein2003}. Eckert's third-wave
|
|
variationism treats variation as a resource for social meaning, not merely a
|
|
statistical residue of demographic categories \cite{eckert2012}. Bucholtz and
|
|
Hall frame identity as interactionally produced through linguistic and other
|
|
semiotic practices, including labels, stances, styles, and structures
|
|
\cite{bucholtzhall2005}.
|
|
|
|
Language ideology adds a second warning. Irvine and Gal's mechanisms of
|
|
iconization, fractal recursivity, and erasure show how communities and observers
|
|
turn linguistic differences into social facts, often by hiding internal
|
|
variation or projecting ideology back onto language \cite{irvinegal2000}.
|
|
Therefore a Weksa schema must distinguish:
|
|
|
|
\begin{itemize}[noitemsep]
|
|
\item a form's grammatical function;
|
|
\item its indexical meaning in a speech community;
|
|
\item the ideology outsiders attach to it;
|
|
\item whether the current speaker has standing to use it.
|
|
\end{itemize}
|
|
|
|
\subsection{AAVE/AAL Must Be Modeled as Grammar Plus Social Authority}
|
|
|
|
African American English, also discussed as African American Language, is a
|
|
systematic variety with its own grammatical, phonological, lexical, and
|
|
discourse patterns. Rickford's work treats AAVE as structurally rich and
|
|
educationally significant \cite{rickford1999,rickford2016}. Green's linguistic
|
|
introduction provides a grammatical account of African American English
|
|
\cite{green2002}. The Yale Grammatical Diversity Project documents features
|
|
such as invariant or habitual \emph{be}, while ORAAL and CORAAL provide
|
|
linguistic-pattern and corpus anchors for real data rather than stereotype
|
|
\cite{yaleInvariantBe,oraalPatterns,coraal}.
|
|
|
|
The schema implication is blunt: AAVE/AAL cannot be represented as slang,
|
|
misspelling, or accent. It needs a dialect profile with:
|
|
|
|
\begin{itemize}[noitemsep]
|
|
\item tense--modality--aspect affordances such as habitual \emph{be},
|
|
stressed \emph{BIN}, completive \emph{done}, and negative concord;
|
|
\item discourse and stance patterns grounded in source evidence;
|
|
\item regional and speaker variation;
|
|
\item activation gates based on speaker identity, scene, community, and
|
|
authorial permission;
|
|
\item anti-caricature constraints.
|
|
\end{itemize}
|
|
|
|
\subsection{US English Is a Regional, Social, and Contact-Language Field}
|
|
|
|
``US English'' is not a single cultural ontology. It is a base locale with
|
|
regional dialects, ethnic and racialized speech traditions, institutional
|
|
registers, class-indexed styles, media norms, and contact-language repertoires.
|
|
The Dictionary of American Regional English documents regional words, phrases,
|
|
and pronunciations across the United States, while the Atlas of North American
|
|
English provides a phonological map of North American regional sound change
|
|
\cite{dare,dareReport,anae}. The Yale Grammatical Diversity Project documents
|
|
syntactic variation in North American English, including features such as
|
|
multiple modals in South Midland and Southern varieties
|
|
\cite{ygdp,ygdpMapbook,ygdpMultipleModals}.
|
|
|
|
For Weksa, US English should therefore be represented as a stack:
|
|
|
|
\begin{itemize}[noitemsep]
|
|
\item \texttt{en-US.base}: broad American English defaults.
|
|
\item \texttt{en-US.west\_coast}: a regional family containing California,
|
|
Pacific Northwest, and urban/rural subprofiles.
|
|
\item \texttt{en-US.east\_coast}: a family containing New York City,
|
|
Boston, Philadelphia, Appalachian, Mid-Atlantic, and other local profiles.
|
|
\item \texttt{en-US.deep\_south}: Southern regional profiles with separate
|
|
gates for AAL, Appalachian, Gulf Coast, rural, urban, class, race, religion,
|
|
and formality.
|
|
\item \texttt{en-US.nyc.yiddish\_contact}: a New York and American Jewish
|
|
English contact overlay, not a generic comedy seasoning.
|
|
\end{itemize}
|
|
|
|
West Coast targets need internal separation. Pacific Northwest English is an
|
|
active object of regional study, and Oregon data show that West Coast English
|
|
cannot be reduced to California alone \cite{pnwEnglish,oregonWestCoast}.
|
|
California-facing profiles should represent California Vowel Shift evidence and
|
|
its social meanings as optional phonological and indexical pressure, not as a
|
|
lexical stereotype \cite{sfCvs,villarreal2018}. A ``West Coast casual'' target
|
|
may therefore activate low formality, regional lexical choices, and media/social
|
|
stance, but it should not imply surfer speech, Valley Girl caricature, or a
|
|
single Californian identity.
|
|
|
|
Deep South targets need the same separation discipline. Multiple modals,
|
|
second-person plural forms such as \emph{y'all}, Southern vowel systems, and
|
|
regional discourse norms are real affordances, but ``Southern'' is not a class,
|
|
race, education level, or joke \cite{ygdpMultipleModals,anae}. A Deep South
|
|
stack must keep regional dialect, AAL/African American Language, Appalachian
|
|
English, Gulf Coast varieties, rurality, religion, occupation, class, and
|
|
persona as distinct axes. The machine should be able to say ``formal Black
|
|
church register in coastal Georgia'' or ``white rural Alabama mechanic talking
|
|
to a cousin'' without treating either as the whole South.
|
|
|
|
New York English also requires contact-aware modeling. New York City English
|
|
has been studied as a locally distinct variety with ethnic and neighborhood
|
|
variation, while Jewish English and Yiddish influence form their own repertoire
|
|
with lexical, prosodic, pragmatic, and identity-indexing resources
|
|
\cite{newmanNycEnglish,becker2009nyc,burdin2018,benorJewishEnglish}.
|
|
The requested ``strong New York slang with Yiddish mixed in'' should compile as
|
|
\texttt{en-US.nyc.urban} plus an American Jewish English or Yiddish-contact
|
|
overlay only when speaker, scene, community, or authoring metadata gives it
|
|
standing. The forbidden flattening is obvious and load-bearing: do not conflate
|
|
New York English, Jewish English, Yeshivish or Hasidic English, Italian
|
|
American English, Puerto Rican English, AAL, or media gangster parody.
|
|
|
|
\subsection{Scottish Targets Require Varietal Separation}
|
|
|
|
``Highland Scottish'' is not a clean linguistic target. A generation system must
|
|
separate Scots, Scottish Standard English, Highland English, and Scottish
|
|
Gaelic. The Scots Syntax Atlas documents syntactic variation across Scots
|
|
varieties with data from hundreds of speakers and many locations
|
|
\cite{scotsSyntaxAtlas}. Dictionaries of the Scots Language document Older and
|
|
Modern Scots as a historical lexicographic resource \cite{dsl}. Aitken's
|
|
Scots--English continuum remains an important conceptual anchor
|
|
\cite{aitken1984}. Highland English, by contrast, is Scottish English used in
|
|
areas shaped by Gaelic contact, especially the Highlands and Hebrides
|
|
\cite{highlandEnglish}.
|
|
|
|
For Weksa, the desired ``nigh-incomprehensible highland Scottish'' output should
|
|
not be a generic eye-dialect. It should be a selected profile stack:
|
|
|
|
\begin{itemize}[noitemsep]
|
|
\item \texttt{en-GB.scotland.highland\_english} for Gaelic-substrate Scottish
|
|
English;
|
|
\item \texttt{sco.broad\_scots} or a more specific Scots variety such as
|
|
Doric or Shetland Scots when Scots, not Highland English, is intended;
|
|
\item an intelligibility-density control that can increase local lexical,
|
|
syntactic, and orthographic density only when evidence supports it.
|
|
\end{itemize}
|
|
|
|
\subsection{AI Dialect Work Makes Guardrails Structural, Not Optional}
|
|
|
|
Dialect lowering must be treated as a high-risk generation task. Koenecke et
|
|
al. found racial disparities in automated speech recognition, with commercial
|
|
systems producing higher error rates for Black speakers than white speakers
|
|
\cite{koenecke2020}. Hofmann et al. show that language models can exhibit covert
|
|
racism triggered by African American English features, even when overt race
|
|
labels are absent \cite{hofmann2024}. This means Weksa must not simply ask a
|
|
model to ``make it AAVE'' or ``make it Scots.'' The state document must carry
|
|
authority, evidence, activation requirements, and forbidden uses into the
|
|
lowering path.
|
|
|
|
\subsection{Brazilian Portuguese Requires Profile Stacks, Not a Single Dialect}
|
|
|
|
Brazilian Portuguese is too internally diverse to be represented by a single
|
|
``pt-BR flavor.'' The Atlas Linguistico do Brasil (ALiB) is a national
|
|
geolinguistic anchor for regional variation and frames Brazilian Portuguese as a
|
|
multidimensional object of description \cite{alibInfo}. NURC and NURC/SP
|
|
document the cultivated urban norm in major Brazilian capitals and provide a
|
|
useful anchor for formal, media-facing, or educated urban registers
|
|
\cite{nurcsp}. Projeto SP2010 supplies a sociolinguistic corpus of Sao Paulo
|
|
speech with metadata filters for region, class, gender, age, family generation
|
|
in the city, and income \cite{sp2010}. These are the variables a lowering
|
|
system must preserve as retrieval filters rather than flattening into
|
|
``Brazilian.''
|
|
|
|
Therefore Weksa should model Brazilian targets as profile stacks:
|
|
|
|
\begin{itemize}[noitemsep]
|
|
\item \texttt{pt-BR.base}: broad Brazilian Portuguese defaults.
|
|
\item \texttt{pt-BR.rio.urban\_slang}: an urban Rio/carioca slang overlay,
|
|
activated only by scene, speaker, or authoring context.
|
|
\item \texttt{pt-BR.sao\_paulo.broadcast\_reporter}: a media-facing Sao
|
|
Paulo register, anchored in cultivated urban norm and broadcast style rather
|
|
than street slang.
|
|
\item \texttt{pt-BR.minas.worker}: a Minas Gerais regional profile plus
|
|
occupational/class persona pressure. ``Worker'' is not a dialect; it is a
|
|
social and occupational register layered over a regional profile.
|
|
\end{itemize}
|
|
|
|
The Minas target is especially sensitive. Academic work on Mineiro speech
|
|
describes phonological, morphosyntactic, lexical, pragmatic, and historical
|
|
variation, but ``worker'' must not become shorthand for rurality, low
|
|
education, comedy, or class contempt \cite{mineiroVariation,mineiroHistoria}.
|
|
The schema must keep regional dialect, occupation, class, education, and persona
|
|
as separate axes.
|
|
|
|
\subsection{Japanese Requires Regional and Historical Axes}
|
|
|
|
Japanese target profiles need both geography and period. COJADS, the Corpus of
|
|
Japanese Dialects, is a NINJAL corpus of discourse audio from Japanese dialects
|
|
and provides a major evidence source for contemporary regional speech
|
|
\cite{cojads}. LT4All documentation describes the role of COJADS and related
|
|
language-resource work for endangered languages and dialects in Japan
|
|
\cite{lt4allJapan}. The Corpus of Historical Japanese (CHJ) provides diachronic
|
|
materials from early historical periods through later eras, while ONCOJ focuses
|
|
on Old Japanese with syntactic annotation \cite{chj,oncoj}. LAJaR adds a
|
|
typological atlas perspective across Japanese and Ryukyuan varieties
|
|
\cite{lajar2024}.
|
|
|
|
For Weksa this implies at least four independent axes:
|
|
|
|
\begin{itemize}[noitemsep]
|
|
\item region or dialect area, such as Kansai, Tohoku, Kagoshima, Hachijo, or
|
|
Tokyo;
|
|
\item relationship to Ryukyuan languages and Okinawan Japanese, without
|
|
collapsing Ryukyuan languages into Japanese dialect decoration;
|
|
\item historical period, such as Old Japanese, Early Middle Japanese, Edo, or
|
|
Meiji/Taisho;
|
|
\item register and social relation, including politeness, honorific pressure,
|
|
sentence-final particles, and stance.
|
|
\end{itemize}
|
|
|
|
Historical Japanese output should therefore use a period profile, not merely
|
|
archaic vocabulary. A profile like
|
|
\texttt{ja-JP.historical.early\_edo.commoner} would need period, region, genre,
|
|
orthographic convention, evidence corpus, and reviewer status.
|
|
|
|
\subsection{Qdrant Is Retrieval, CultCache Is Authority}
|
|
|
|
The cultural database can live in Qdrant for semantic retrieval, but Qdrant must
|
|
not own accepted language truth. Qdrant stores points with vectors and payloads;
|
|
its filtering system allows semantic search to be constrained by structured
|
|
metadata such as language, region, period, source type, and license
|
|
\cite{qdrantFiltering,qdrantPayload}. This is useful during utterance lowering:
|
|
the lowerer can retrieve candidate evidence for a requested dialect or cultural
|
|
profile.
|
|
|
|
The authority boundary should be:
|
|
|
|
\begin{lstlisting}[basicstyle=\ttfamily\small,breaklines=true]
|
|
Qdrant:
|
|
owns: semantic retrieval over source chunks, examples, notes, and citations
|
|
does_not_own: accepted cultural ontology profiles
|
|
|
|
CultCache:
|
|
owns: typed cultural ontology profile documents, reviewed overlays,
|
|
activation gates, evidence hashes, and lowering trace witnesses
|
|
\end{lstlisting}
|
|
|
|
During lowering, Weksa should assemble an evidence bundle from Qdrant, but only
|
|
a reviewed or explicitly provisional CultCache profile may authorize a dialectal
|
|
target. A Qdrant nearest neighbor is a witness candidate, not a cultural fact.
|
|
|
|
\section{Design Principles for Weksa}
|
|
|
|
\begin{enumerate}
|
|
\item \textbf{Meaning stays upstream.} Interlingua owns referents,
|
|
predications, relations, modality, and discourse intent.
|
|
\item \textbf{Culture owns salience and risk.} Cultural ontology owns which
|
|
distinctions must be inspected and which forms carry social meaning.
|
|
\item \textbf{Dialect owns affordances, not costume.} Dialect profiles expose
|
|
grammar, phonology, lexicon, discourse, and orthography as selectable,
|
|
evidence-backed affordances.
|
|
\item \textbf{Activation is gated.} A profile activates only when the speaker,
|
|
scene, community, or authoring metadata justifies it.
|
|
\item \textbf{Density is controlled.} Output may vary from light marking to
|
|
dense community-internal style, but density is an explicit control.
|
|
\item \textbf{Backtranslation is audit only.} Backtranslation helps review,
|
|
but it must not become the source for other targets.
|
|
\item \textbf{Forbidden flattenings are schema data.} Anti-caricature,
|
|
anti-erasure, and anti-appropriation constraints belong in the state document,
|
|
not in downstream apology prose.
|
|
\end{enumerate}
|
|
|
|
\section{Proposed CultCache State Shape}
|
|
|
|
The following shape should become a typed CultCache document family:
|
|
\texttt{weksa.cultural\_ontology\_profile.v0}. It can represent base languages,
|
|
dialects, sociolects, regional overlays, ritual registers, and communities of
|
|
practice.
|
|
|
|
\begin{lstlisting}[basicstyle=\ttfamily\small,breaklines=true]
|
|
schema: weksa.cultural_ontology_profile.v0
|
|
profile_id: weksa.cultural_ontology.en-US.aal.v0
|
|
kind: base_language | dialect | sociolect | regional_overlay |
|
|
religious_overlay | community_of_practice
|
|
status: draft | reviewed | deprecated
|
|
|
|
language:
|
|
code: en
|
|
locale: en-US
|
|
script: Latn
|
|
variety_label:
|
|
endonyms: []
|
|
exonyms: []
|
|
|
|
parent_profiles:
|
|
- weksa.target_cultural_ontology.en-US.v0
|
|
|
|
retrieval:
|
|
qdrant_collection: weksa_cultural_ontology_sources
|
|
required_payload_filters:
|
|
language_code:
|
|
locale:
|
|
region:
|
|
dialect:
|
|
period:
|
|
register:
|
|
source_type:
|
|
license:
|
|
retrieval_policy:
|
|
min_sources:
|
|
require_human_review_for:
|
|
- marginalized_or_stigmatized_dialect
|
|
- sacred_or_ritual_register
|
|
- historical_reconstruction
|
|
|
|
community:
|
|
regions: []
|
|
speech_community:
|
|
historical_context:
|
|
identity_authority:
|
|
consent_notes:
|
|
|
|
activation:
|
|
allowed_when:
|
|
- speaker_profile_refs_profile
|
|
- scene_context_refs_profile
|
|
- authoring_metadata_requests_profile
|
|
forbidden_when:
|
|
- generic_flavor
|
|
- mockery
|
|
- outsider_performance_without_authority
|
|
required_confidence: reviewed | provisional | exploratory
|
|
|
|
salience_axes:
|
|
temporality_aspect:
|
|
distinctions: []
|
|
lowering_questions: []
|
|
stance:
|
|
distinctions: []
|
|
lowering_questions: []
|
|
social_relation:
|
|
distinctions: []
|
|
lowering_questions: []
|
|
identity_indexing:
|
|
distinctions: []
|
|
lowering_questions: []
|
|
sacred_or_ritual_context:
|
|
distinctions: []
|
|
lowering_questions: []
|
|
|
|
linguistic_affordances:
|
|
grammar_features:
|
|
- feature_id:
|
|
status: draft | reviewed | deprecated
|
|
domain:
|
|
layer: grammar
|
|
category: tense_aspect_modality | negation | agreement |
|
|
pronoun | word_order | discourse_particle
|
|
description:
|
|
formal_conditions:
|
|
syntactic_environment: []
|
|
semantic_inputs: []
|
|
required_interlingua_fields: []
|
|
realization:
|
|
function:
|
|
surface_strategy:
|
|
examples: []
|
|
activation:
|
|
allowed_when: []
|
|
forbidden_when: []
|
|
requires_profile_authority:
|
|
minimum_density:
|
|
maximum_density:
|
|
constraints:
|
|
grammar_contexts: []
|
|
register_contexts: []
|
|
speaker_contexts: []
|
|
incompatibilities: []
|
|
indexicality:
|
|
social_meanings: []
|
|
in_group_meanings: []
|
|
out_group_risks: []
|
|
stereotypes_to_avoid: []
|
|
evidence:
|
|
source_refs: []
|
|
qdrant_source_ids: []
|
|
cached_source_refs: []
|
|
source_hashes: []
|
|
reviewer_refs: []
|
|
confidence: low | medium | high
|
|
uncertainty:
|
|
open_questions: []
|
|
known_limits: []
|
|
trace:
|
|
trace_label:
|
|
must_report_when_used:
|
|
must_report_when_rejected:
|
|
phonology_features:
|
|
- feature_id:
|
|
domain:
|
|
layer: phonology
|
|
category: vowel_shift | consonant_realization | prosody |
|
|
rhythm | stress | intonation
|
|
realization:
|
|
ipa_hint:
|
|
orthography_should_change:
|
|
speech_synthesis_controls: []
|
|
constraints:
|
|
lexical_sets: []
|
|
environments: []
|
|
density_safe_for_text:
|
|
indexicality: {}
|
|
evidence: {}
|
|
trace: {}
|
|
lexicon_features:
|
|
- feature_id:
|
|
domain:
|
|
layer: lexicon
|
|
category: regional_lexeme | loanword | calque | taboo |
|
|
honorific | kinship | ritual_term | technical_term
|
|
lexical_items:
|
|
- form:
|
|
gloss:
|
|
sense:
|
|
register:
|
|
allowed_speaker_standing:
|
|
forbidden_senses: []
|
|
collocations: []
|
|
activation: {}
|
|
indexicality: {}
|
|
evidence: {}
|
|
trace: {}
|
|
discourse_patterns:
|
|
- pattern_id:
|
|
domain:
|
|
layer: discourse
|
|
category: stance_marker | turn_taking | address_sequence |
|
|
narrative_frame | ritual_formula | humor | emphasis
|
|
interactional_function:
|
|
sequence_shape: []
|
|
adjacency_constraints: []
|
|
activation: {}
|
|
indexicality: {}
|
|
evidence: {}
|
|
trace: {}
|
|
orthography_features:
|
|
- feature_id:
|
|
domain:
|
|
layer: orthography
|
|
category: spelling_variant | script_choice | punctuation |
|
|
transliteration | eye_dialect_guard
|
|
allowed_surface_forms: []
|
|
forbidden_surface_forms: []
|
|
renderer_notes:
|
|
activation: {}
|
|
evidence: {}
|
|
trace: {}
|
|
code_switching:
|
|
allowed:
|
|
constraints: []
|
|
patterns:
|
|
- pattern_id:
|
|
domain:
|
|
layer: code_switching
|
|
category: lexical_insertion | tag_switch | alternation |
|
|
quotation | ritual_formula | metalinguistic
|
|
languages: []
|
|
matrix_language:
|
|
embedded_language:
|
|
switch_sites: []
|
|
pragmatic_functions: []
|
|
constraints:
|
|
requires_bilingual_speaker:
|
|
requires_community_context:
|
|
forbidden_when: []
|
|
evidence: {}
|
|
trace: {}
|
|
|
|
style_controls:
|
|
density:
|
|
min:
|
|
max:
|
|
default:
|
|
intelligibility_target:
|
|
options: [broad_audience, local, opaque_to_outsider]
|
|
register:
|
|
options: []
|
|
|
|
forbidden_flattenings: []
|
|
|
|
evidence:
|
|
corpora: []
|
|
reference_works: []
|
|
reviewers: []
|
|
examples: []
|
|
cached_source_refs: []
|
|
qdrant_source_ids: []
|
|
source_hashes: []
|
|
uncertainty: []
|
|
|
|
trace_requirements:
|
|
- activated_profile
|
|
- axes_used
|
|
- features_used
|
|
- features_rejected
|
|
- reviewer_required
|
|
\end{lstlisting}
|
|
|
|
Flat lists such as \texttt{grammar\_features: [habitual\_be]} are allowed only
|
|
as summaries or search indexes. The accepted state must be the nested feature
|
|
record: a stable feature identifier, domain, activation gates, constraints,
|
|
indexical meanings, evidence, uncertainty, and trace behavior. This lets the
|
|
lowerer ask fine-grained questions without parsing prose, such as whether a
|
|
feature requires speaker authority, whether it can be rendered in text or only
|
|
speech synthesis, which source hashes support it, and what must be reported if
|
|
the feature is rejected.
|
|
|
|
Recommended CultCache paths:
|
|
|
|
\begin{lstlisting}[basicstyle=\ttfamily\small]
|
|
.weksa/cultural-ontology/{profileId}.cc
|
|
.weksa/cultural-ontology/{baseProfileId}/overlays/{overlayId}.cc
|
|
.weksa/cultural-ontology/catalogs/{catalogId}.cc
|
|
.weksa/cultural-ontology/evidence-bundles/{bundleId}.cc
|
|
\end{lstlisting}
|
|
|
|
\section{Dialect Profile Sketches}
|
|
|
|
\subsection{AAVE/AAL}
|
|
|
|
\begin{lstlisting}[basicstyle=\ttfamily\small,breaklines=true]
|
|
schema: weksa.cultural_ontology_profile.v0
|
|
profile_id: weksa.cultural_ontology.en-US.aal.v0
|
|
kind: dialect
|
|
status: draft
|
|
parent_profiles:
|
|
- weksa.target_cultural_ontology.en-US.v0
|
|
activation:
|
|
allowed_when:
|
|
- speaker_profile_refs_aal
|
|
- scene_context_refs_aal_community
|
|
- authoring_metadata_requests_reviewed_aal
|
|
forbidden_when:
|
|
- generic_black_coding
|
|
- comedy_accent
|
|
- criminality_or_low_intelligence_indexing
|
|
salience_axes:
|
|
temporality_aspect:
|
|
distinctions:
|
|
- habituality
|
|
- remote_past_or_remote_completion
|
|
- completive_result_state
|
|
identity_indexing:
|
|
distinctions:
|
|
- in_group_style
|
|
- out_group_performance_risk
|
|
- bidialectal_context_switching
|
|
linguistic_affordances:
|
|
grammar_features:
|
|
- feature_id: aal_invariant_habitual_be
|
|
status: draft_guarded
|
|
domain:
|
|
layer: grammar
|
|
category: tense_aspect_modality
|
|
subcategory: habitual_aspect
|
|
description: Marks habitual or characteristic occurrence, not present
|
|
progressive meaning.
|
|
formal_conditions:
|
|
semantic_inputs:
|
|
- habituality
|
|
required_interlingua_fields:
|
|
- event_iterativity_or_characteristic_state
|
|
realization:
|
|
function: express_habitual_aspect
|
|
surface_strategy: invariant_be
|
|
examples: []
|
|
activation:
|
|
allowed_when:
|
|
- speaker_profile_refs_aal
|
|
- scene_context_refs_aal_community
|
|
forbidden_when:
|
|
- generic_black_coding
|
|
- outsider_performance_without_authority
|
|
requires_profile_authority: true
|
|
minimum_density: reviewed_light
|
|
maximum_density: reviewed_dense
|
|
constraints:
|
|
grammar_contexts:
|
|
- only_when_habitual_aspect_is_intended
|
|
incompatibilities:
|
|
- present_progressive_only_reading
|
|
indexicality:
|
|
social_meanings:
|
|
- aal_systematic_aspect
|
|
out_group_risks:
|
|
- treated_as_broken_standard_english
|
|
stereotypes_to_avoid:
|
|
- ignorance
|
|
- comedy
|
|
evidence:
|
|
source_refs:
|
|
- Green2002
|
|
- Rickford1999
|
|
- YaleInvariantBe
|
|
- CORAAL
|
|
confidence: high
|
|
trace:
|
|
trace_label: aal_habitual_be
|
|
must_report_when_used: true
|
|
must_report_when_rejected: true
|
|
- feature_id: aal_stressed_bin
|
|
status: draft_guarded
|
|
domain:
|
|
layer: grammar
|
|
category: tense_aspect_modality
|
|
subcategory: remote_past_or_remote_state
|
|
activation:
|
|
allowed_when:
|
|
- speaker_profile_refs_aal
|
|
forbidden_when:
|
|
- generic_flavor
|
|
requires_profile_authority: true
|
|
evidence:
|
|
source_refs:
|
|
- Green2002
|
|
- Rickford1999
|
|
confidence: medium
|
|
trace:
|
|
trace_label: aal_stressed_bin
|
|
must_report_when_used: true
|
|
must_report_when_rejected: true
|
|
- feature_id: aal_completive_done
|
|
status: draft_guarded
|
|
domain:
|
|
layer: grammar
|
|
category: tense_aspect_modality
|
|
subcategory: completive
|
|
activation:
|
|
allowed_when:
|
|
- speaker_profile_refs_aal
|
|
forbidden_when:
|
|
- generic_flavor
|
|
requires_profile_authority: true
|
|
evidence:
|
|
source_refs:
|
|
- Green2002
|
|
- Rickford1999
|
|
confidence: medium
|
|
trace:
|
|
trace_label: aal_completive_done
|
|
must_report_when_used: true
|
|
must_report_when_rejected: true
|
|
- feature_id: aal_negative_concord
|
|
status: draft_guarded
|
|
domain:
|
|
layer: grammar
|
|
category: negation
|
|
subcategory: negative_concord
|
|
activation:
|
|
allowed_when:
|
|
- speaker_profile_refs_aal
|
|
forbidden_when:
|
|
- generic_flavor
|
|
requires_profile_authority: true
|
|
evidence:
|
|
source_refs:
|
|
- Green2002
|
|
- Rickford1999
|
|
confidence: medium
|
|
trace:
|
|
trace_label: aal_negative_concord
|
|
must_report_when_used: true
|
|
must_report_when_rejected: true
|
|
phonology_features: []
|
|
lexicon_features: []
|
|
discourse_patterns: []
|
|
orthography_features:
|
|
- feature_id: aal_eye_dialect_guard
|
|
status: draft_guarded
|
|
domain:
|
|
layer: orthography
|
|
category: eye_dialect_guard
|
|
allowed_surface_forms: []
|
|
forbidden_surface_forms:
|
|
- misspelling_as_dialect
|
|
- random_apostrophe_deletion
|
|
renderer_notes: Text rendering must not fake AAL phonology through
|
|
stigmatizing spelling unless an orthographic practice is separately
|
|
evidenced and reviewed.
|
|
trace:
|
|
trace_label: aal_eye_dialect_guard
|
|
must_report_when_used: false
|
|
must_report_when_rejected: true
|
|
code_switching:
|
|
allowed: true
|
|
constraints:
|
|
- Requires speaker/community context and evidence-backed pattern.
|
|
patterns: []
|
|
forbidden_flattenings:
|
|
- Do not treat AAL as broken Standard English.
|
|
- Do not use AAL to imply criminality, ignorance, comedy, or informality.
|
|
- Do not generate dense AAL without speaker/context authority.
|
|
\end{lstlisting}
|
|
|
|
\subsection{US English Regional and Contact Overlays}
|
|
|
|
\begin{lstlisting}[basicstyle=\ttfamily\small,breaklines=true]
|
|
schema: weksa.cultural_ontology_profile.v0
|
|
profile_id: weksa.cultural_ontology.en-US.west_coast.california_casual.v0
|
|
kind: regional_register_overlay
|
|
status: draft_guarded
|
|
parent_profiles:
|
|
- weksa.target_cultural_ontology.en-US.v0
|
|
retrieval:
|
|
qdrant_collection: weksa_cultural_ontology_sources
|
|
required_payload_filters:
|
|
language_code: en
|
|
locale: en-US
|
|
region: [California, West Coast]
|
|
source_type: [dialect_atlas, sociolinguistic_study, reviewed_example]
|
|
activation:
|
|
allowed_when:
|
|
- speaker_or_scene_refs_california_or_west_coast
|
|
- authoring_metadata_requests_california_casual_register
|
|
forbidden_when:
|
|
- surfer_or_valley_girl_caricature
|
|
- generic_american_youth_flavor
|
|
style_controls:
|
|
density:
|
|
min: light
|
|
max: reviewed_moderate
|
|
register:
|
|
options: [casual, media_casual, professional_informal]
|
|
forbidden_flattenings:
|
|
- Do not treat California as the whole West Coast.
|
|
- Do not treat vowel-shift evidence as mandatory spelling distortion.
|
|
- Do not collapse region, age, ethnicity, and class into one style.
|
|
\end{lstlisting}
|
|
|
|
\begin{lstlisting}[basicstyle=\ttfamily\small,breaklines=true]
|
|
schema: weksa.cultural_ontology_profile.v0
|
|
profile_id: weksa.cultural_ontology.en-US.deep_south.v0
|
|
kind: regional_profile_stack_template
|
|
status: draft_guarded
|
|
parent_profiles:
|
|
- weksa.target_cultural_ontology.en-US.v0
|
|
stack_axes:
|
|
region: Deep South
|
|
race_or_ethnolinguistic_tradition: explicit_or_unknown
|
|
rural_urban: explicit_or_unknown
|
|
class_or_occupation: explicit_or_unknown
|
|
religion_or_church_register: explicit_or_unknown
|
|
formality: explicit_or_unknown
|
|
activation:
|
|
allowed_when:
|
|
- speaker_or_scene_refs_deep_south
|
|
- authoring_metadata_requests_specific_southern_region
|
|
forbidden_when:
|
|
- generic_redneck_caricature
|
|
- low_intelligence_indexing
|
|
- race_or_class_inferred_from_region_only
|
|
salience_axes:
|
|
modality:
|
|
distinctions:
|
|
- multiple_modals_when_evidence_supports
|
|
address:
|
|
distinctions:
|
|
- second_person_plural
|
|
- politeness_and_kinship_terms
|
|
forbidden_flattenings:
|
|
- Southern is not AAL, and AAL is not Southern by default.
|
|
- Southern is not one accent, class, politics, religion, or education level.
|
|
- Do not use eye spelling as a substitute for grammar or corpus evidence.
|
|
\end{lstlisting}
|
|
|
|
\begin{lstlisting}[basicstyle=\ttfamily\small,breaklines=true]
|
|
schema: weksa.cultural_ontology_profile.v0
|
|
profile_id: weksa.cultural_ontology.en-US.east_coast.v0
|
|
kind: regional_family_profile
|
|
status: draft
|
|
parent_profiles:
|
|
- weksa.target_cultural_ontology.en-US.v0
|
|
child_profiles:
|
|
- weksa.cultural_ontology.en-US.nyc.urban.v0
|
|
- weksa.cultural_ontology.en-US.boston.v0
|
|
- weksa.cultural_ontology.en-US.philadelphia.v0
|
|
- weksa.cultural_ontology.en-US.appalachian.v0
|
|
activation:
|
|
allowed_when:
|
|
- specific_east_coast_region_selected
|
|
forbidden_when:
|
|
- generic_east_coast_attitude
|
|
forbidden_flattenings:
|
|
- East Coast is a routing family, not a dialect.
|
|
- Do not let New York stand in for all eastern US speech.
|
|
\end{lstlisting}
|
|
|
|
\begin{lstlisting}[basicstyle=\ttfamily\small,breaklines=true]
|
|
schema: weksa.cultural_ontology_profile.v0
|
|
profile_id: weksa.cultural_ontology.en-US.nyc.yiddish_contact_slang.v0
|
|
kind: contact_language_overlay
|
|
status: draft_guarded
|
|
parent_profiles:
|
|
- weksa.cultural_ontology.en-US.nyc.urban.v0
|
|
contact_languages:
|
|
- yi
|
|
speech_traditions:
|
|
- American Jewish English
|
|
- Yiddish contact in New York English
|
|
activation:
|
|
allowed_when:
|
|
- speaker_profile_refs_jewish_english_or_yiddish_contact
|
|
- scene_context_refs_nyc_jewish_community_or_yiddish_contact
|
|
- authoring_metadata_requests_reviewed_contact_overlay
|
|
forbidden_when:
|
|
- generic_new_york_comedy
|
|
- yiddish_as_random_spice
|
|
- non_jewish_speaker_performance_without_context
|
|
style_controls:
|
|
density:
|
|
min: light_lexical_color
|
|
max: reviewed_dense_contact_register
|
|
register:
|
|
options: [casual, comic_in_group, family_argument, public_nyc_slang]
|
|
forbidden_flattenings:
|
|
- Do not conflate New York English with Jewish English.
|
|
- Do not conflate Jewish English, Yeshivish, Hasidic English, or Yiddish.
|
|
- Do not use Yiddish-origin forms to mark greed, neurosis, or cowardice.
|
|
\end{lstlisting}
|
|
|
|
\subsection{Highland English / Gaelic-Substrate Scottish English}
|
|
|
|
\begin{lstlisting}[basicstyle=\ttfamily\small,breaklines=true]
|
|
schema: weksa.cultural_ontology_profile.v0
|
|
profile_id: weksa.cultural_ontology.en-GB.scotland.highland_english.v0
|
|
kind: regional_overlay
|
|
status: draft
|
|
parent_profiles:
|
|
- weksa.target_cultural_ontology.en-GB.v0
|
|
contact_substrate:
|
|
- Scottish Gaelic
|
|
activation:
|
|
allowed_when:
|
|
- speaker_or_scene_refs_highlands_or_hebrides
|
|
- speaker_profile_refs_gaelic_substrate_english
|
|
forbidden_when:
|
|
- generic_scottish_flavor
|
|
- pretending_scots_and_gaelic_are_the_same
|
|
style_controls:
|
|
density:
|
|
min: light
|
|
max: heavy_reviewed
|
|
intelligibility_target:
|
|
options: [broad_audience, local, opaque_to_outsider]
|
|
forbidden_flattenings:
|
|
- Do not collapse Highland English into Scots.
|
|
- Do not collapse Scots into Scottish Gaelic.
|
|
- Do not use eye-dialect gibberish as authenticity.
|
|
\end{lstlisting}
|
|
|
|
\subsection{Broad Scots / Doric / Shetland as Separate Profiles}
|
|
|
|
\begin{lstlisting}[basicstyle=\ttfamily\small,breaklines=true]
|
|
schema: weksa.cultural_ontology_profile.v0
|
|
profile_id: weksa.cultural_ontology.sco.broad_scots.v0
|
|
kind: dialect_or_language_profile
|
|
status: draft
|
|
language:
|
|
code: sco
|
|
locale: Scotland
|
|
parent_profiles:
|
|
- weksa.cultural_ontology.en-GB.scotland.continuum.v0
|
|
activation:
|
|
allowed_when:
|
|
- scene_or_speaker_refs_scots
|
|
- authoring_metadata_selects_scots_variety
|
|
forbidden_when:
|
|
- generic_highland_english
|
|
- generic_accent_joke
|
|
style_controls:
|
|
density:
|
|
min: light_scots_lexis
|
|
max: broad_reviewed_scots
|
|
intelligibility_target:
|
|
options: [broad_audience, local, opaque_to_outsider]
|
|
evidence:
|
|
corpora:
|
|
- ScotsSyntaxAtlas
|
|
reference_works:
|
|
- DictionariesOfTheScotsLanguage
|
|
\end{lstlisting}
|
|
|
|
\subsection{Brazilian Regional Targets}
|
|
|
|
\begin{lstlisting}[basicstyle=\ttfamily\small,breaklines=true]
|
|
schema: weksa.cultural_ontology_profile.v0
|
|
profile_id: weksa.cultural_ontology.pt-BR.rio.urban_slang.v0
|
|
kind: regional_overlay
|
|
status: draft_guarded
|
|
parent_profiles:
|
|
- weksa.target_cultural_ontology.pt-BR.v0
|
|
activation:
|
|
allowed_when:
|
|
- scene_or_speaker_refs_rio_urban_context
|
|
- authoring_metadata_requests_carioca_urban_register
|
|
forbidden_when:
|
|
- generic_brazilian_flavor
|
|
- comedy_crime_or_hypersexualized_indexing
|
|
retrieval:
|
|
qdrant_collection: weksa_cultural_ontology_sources
|
|
required_payload_filters:
|
|
language_code: pt
|
|
locale: pt-BR
|
|
region: Rio de Janeiro
|
|
source_type: [corpus, sociolinguistic_study, reviewed_example]
|
|
style_controls:
|
|
density:
|
|
min: light
|
|
max: reviewed_dense
|
|
forbidden_flattenings:
|
|
- Do not treat Rio slang as all Brazilian Portuguese.
|
|
- Do not use slang density to imply criminality or unseriousness.
|
|
\end{lstlisting}
|
|
|
|
\begin{lstlisting}[basicstyle=\ttfamily\small,breaklines=true]
|
|
schema: weksa.cultural_ontology_profile.v0
|
|
profile_id: weksa.cultural_ontology.pt-BR.sao_paulo.broadcast_reporter.v0
|
|
kind: institutional_register_overlay
|
|
status: draft
|
|
parent_profiles:
|
|
- weksa.target_cultural_ontology.pt-BR.v0
|
|
evidence:
|
|
corpora:
|
|
- NURC_SP
|
|
- Projeto_SP2010
|
|
activation:
|
|
allowed_when:
|
|
- speaker_role_is_broadcast_reporter
|
|
- scene_medium_is_news_or_public_institutional_speech
|
|
style_controls:
|
|
density:
|
|
default: low_regional_marking
|
|
register:
|
|
options: [broadcast_neutral, formal_live_report, conversational_anchor]
|
|
forbidden_flattenings:
|
|
- Do not confuse Sao Paulo media register with all Sao Paulo speech.
|
|
- Do not erase intentional informalization when the scene calls for it.
|
|
\end{lstlisting}
|
|
|
|
\begin{lstlisting}[basicstyle=\ttfamily\small,breaklines=true]
|
|
schema: weksa.cultural_ontology_profile.v0
|
|
profile_id: weksa.cultural_ontology.pt-BR.minas.worker.v0
|
|
kind: profile_stack_template
|
|
status: draft_guarded
|
|
parent_profiles:
|
|
- weksa.target_cultural_ontology.pt-BR.v0
|
|
stack_axes:
|
|
region: Minas Gerais
|
|
occupation_or_class_register: worker
|
|
education: explicit_or_unknown
|
|
rural_urban: explicit_or_unknown
|
|
activation:
|
|
allowed_when:
|
|
- speaker_profile_refs_minas_region
|
|
- speaker_profile_refs_worker_or_occupation
|
|
forbidden_when:
|
|
- class_caricature
|
|
- rural_bumpkin_default
|
|
- low_intelligence_indexing
|
|
forbidden_flattenings:
|
|
- Worker is not a dialect.
|
|
- Mineiro is not one uniform speech form.
|
|
- Do not use eye spelling as a substitute for phonology or grammar evidence.
|
|
\end{lstlisting}
|
|
|
|
\subsection{Japanese Regional and Historical Targets}
|
|
|
|
\begin{lstlisting}[basicstyle=\ttfamily\small,breaklines=true]
|
|
schema: weksa.cultural_ontology_profile.v0
|
|
profile_id: weksa.cultural_ontology.ja-JP.kansai.casual.v0
|
|
kind: regional_overlay
|
|
status: draft
|
|
parent_profiles:
|
|
- weksa.target_cultural_ontology.ja-JP.v0
|
|
retrieval:
|
|
qdrant_collection: weksa_cultural_ontology_sources
|
|
required_payload_filters:
|
|
language_code: ja
|
|
region: Kansai
|
|
period: contemporary
|
|
source_type: [corpus, dialect_reference, reviewed_example]
|
|
salience_axes:
|
|
sentence_final_force:
|
|
politeness:
|
|
stance:
|
|
humor_or_informality_indexing:
|
|
\end{lstlisting}
|
|
|
|
\begin{lstlisting}[basicstyle=\ttfamily\small,breaklines=true]
|
|
schema: weksa.cultural_ontology_profile.v0
|
|
profile_id: weksa.cultural_ontology.ja-JP.historical.early_edo.v0
|
|
kind: historical_period_profile
|
|
status: draft_guarded
|
|
parent_profiles:
|
|
- weksa.target_cultural_ontology.ja-JP.v0
|
|
retrieval:
|
|
qdrant_collection: weksa_cultural_ontology_sources
|
|
required_payload_filters:
|
|
language_code: ja
|
|
period: Edo
|
|
source_type: [historical_corpus, scholarly_reference]
|
|
activation:
|
|
allowed_when:
|
|
- scene_period_refs_edo
|
|
- authoring_metadata_requests_historical_japanese
|
|
forbidden_when:
|
|
- generic_archaic_flavor
|
|
- anime_period_speech_without_source
|
|
evidence:
|
|
corpora:
|
|
- Corpus_of_Historical_Japanese
|
|
- ONCOJ_when_old_japanese_not_edo
|
|
forbidden_flattenings:
|
|
- Do not use modern dialect stereotypes as historical Japanese.
|
|
- Do not mix periods unless the source intentionally codes anachronism.
|
|
\end{lstlisting}
|
|
|
|
\section{Implementation Consequences}
|
|
|
|
Weksa should not implement dialect lowering as a prompt modifier. The lowering
|
|
path should compile a profile stack:
|
|
|
|
\begin{lstlisting}[basicstyle=\ttfamily\small]
|
|
interlingua packet
|
|
-> projected speaker context
|
|
-> cultural ontology profile stack
|
|
-> dialect/register realization plan
|
|
-> target utterance
|
|
-> trace naming profile axes and features used
|
|
\end{lstlisting}
|
|
|
|
The cultural ontology profile should be inspectable as CultCache state before
|
|
runtime lowering. A target utterance trace should name:
|
|
|
|
\begin{itemize}[noitemsep]
|
|
\item which profile stack activated;
|
|
\item which salience axes mattered;
|
|
\item which grammatical or lexical affordances were used;
|
|
\item which affordances were rejected;
|
|
\item whether human review is required.
|
|
\end{itemize}
|
|
|
|
\section{Conclusion}
|
|
|
|
The contemporary Sapir--Whorf lesson for Weksa is not that culture determines
|
|
thought. It is that culture and speech-community practice shape what must be
|
|
noticed, what can be said naturally, what indexes identity, and what becomes
|
|
dangerous when imitated without authority. A useful cultural ontology schema
|
|
therefore represents salience, indexicality, ideology, affordance, activation,
|
|
evidence, and forbidden flattening. That schema is the missing bridge between
|
|
language-neutral interlingua and plausible, reviewable dialectal utterance.
|
|
|
|
\section*{Citation Ledger}
|
|
|
|
\begin{longtable}{>{\raggedright\arraybackslash}p{0.28\linewidth}
|
|
>{\raggedright\arraybackslash}p{0.66\linewidth}}
|
|
\textbf{Source} & \textbf{Use in Weksa synthesis} \\
|
|
\hline
|
|
Slobin 1996 & Supports the ``thinking for speaking'' mechanism: language
|
|
guides attention during utterance formulation, not total cognition. \\
|
|
Lucy 1992, 1997 & Provides the careful reformulation of linguistic relativity
|
|
as empirical comparison of language categories and interpretation. \\
|
|
Gumperz and Levinson 1996 & Frames relativity as language, culture, and
|
|
classification, with conversational inference as a key cultural site. \\
|
|
Wolff and Holmes 2011 & Contemporary cognitive review: relativity is contested
|
|
but supported in bounded mechanisms and domains. \\
|
|
Silverstein 2003 & Supplies indexical order: forms presuppose and create
|
|
social context at multiple levels. \\
|
|
Eckert 2012 & Treats variation as social meaning, supporting dialect profiles
|
|
as more than demographic labels. \\
|
|
Bucholtz and Hall 2005 & Identity is interactionally produced and indexed by
|
|
linguistic practice; supports activation gates and speaker authority. \\
|
|
Irvine and Gal 2000 & Language ideology mechanisms warn against erasure,
|
|
iconization, and flattening. \\
|
|
Green 2002; Rickford 1999, 2016 & Establish AAVE/AAL as systematic grammar and
|
|
socially meaningful language practice. \\
|
|
CORAAL, ORAAL, Yale Grammatical Diversity Project & Provide corpus and pattern
|
|
anchors for AAL features and reviewed examples. \\
|
|
DARE, ANAE, YGDP & Anchor US English as regional lexical, phonological, and
|
|
syntactic variation rather than a single American default. \\
|
|
Pacific Northwest English Study; Becker et al.; Hall-Lew et al.; Villarreal &
|
|
Anchor West Coast internal variation, including Oregon, Pacific Northwest, San
|
|
Francisco, and California Vowel Shift social meanings. \\
|
|
Newman; Becker; Burdin; Benor and Cohen & Anchor New York City English,
|
|
ethnicity in NYC speech, Jewish English prosody, and Yiddish/American Jewish
|
|
English contact as separate but intersecting resources. \\
|
|
Scots Syntax Atlas, DSL, Aitken 1984 & Provide dialectological and
|
|
lexicographic anchors for Scots and the Scots--English continuum. \\
|
|
Highland English reference & Warns that Highland English is Gaelic-contact
|
|
Scottish English, not simply Scots. \\
|
|
ALiB, NURC/SP, Projeto SP2010 & Anchor Brazilian Portuguese variation,
|
|
cultivated urban norms, and Sao Paulo sociolinguistic metadata. \\
|
|
Mineiro studies & Warn that Minas Gerais speech must be represented as
|
|
regional variation plus social/persona axes, not as class caricature. \\
|
|
COJADS, CHJ, ONCOJ, LAJaR & Anchor contemporary Japanese dialect evidence,
|
|
historical Japanese evidence, Old Japanese annotation, and Japanese/Ryukyuan
|
|
typological coverage. \\
|
|
Qdrant documentation & Supports the retrieval architecture: vectors plus
|
|
payload filters for semantic evidence search. \\
|
|
Koenecke et al. 2020; Hofmann et al. 2024 & Show automated systems fail and
|
|
discriminate around dialects; justify structural guardrails. \\
|
|
\end{longtable}
|
|
|
|
\begin{thebibliography}{99}
|
|
|
|
\bibitem{alibInfo}
|
|
Projeto Atlas Linguistico do Brasil (ALiB).
|
|
``The Linguistic Atlas of Brazil.''
|
|
Universidade Federal da Bahia.
|
|
\url{https://alib.ufba.br/sites/alib.ufba.br/files/informacoes_em_ingles.pdf}.
|
|
|
|
\bibitem{aitken1984}
|
|
Aitken, A. J. 1984.
|
|
``Scots and English in Scotland.''
|
|
In Peter Trudgill (ed.), \emph{Language in the British Isles}.
|
|
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
|
|
Available via the Scots Language Centre:
|
|
\url{https://media.scotslanguage.com/library/document/aitken/Scots_and_English_in_Scotland.pdf}.
|
|
|
|
\bibitem{anae}
|
|
Labov, William, Sharon Ash, and Charles Boberg. 2006.
|
|
\emph{The Atlas of North American English: Phonetics, Phonology and Sound
|
|
Change}.
|
|
Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
|
|
\url{https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110206838}.
|
|
|
|
\bibitem{becker2009nyc}
|
|
Becker, Kara. 2009.
|
|
``The Sociolinguistics of Ethnicity in New York City.''
|
|
\emph{Language and Linguistics Compass} 3(3):751--766.
|
|
\url{https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-818X.2009.00138.x}.
|
|
|
|
\bibitem{benorJewishEnglish}
|
|
Benor, Sarah Bunin, and Steven M. Cohen. 2009.
|
|
``Talking Jewish: The `ethnic English' of American Jews.''
|
|
In Lederhendler (ed.), \emph{Ethnicity and Beyond: Theories and Dilemmas of
|
|
Jewish Group Demarcation}, 62--78.
|
|
|
|
\bibitem{burdin2018}
|
|
Burdin, Rachel Steindel. 2018.
|
|
``The Perception of Macro-rhythm in Jewish English Intonation.''
|
|
\emph{Penn Working Papers in Linguistics} 24(2).
|
|
\url{https://scholars.unh.edu/faculty_pubs/1459/}.
|
|
|
|
\bibitem{bucholtzhall2005}
|
|
Bucholtz, Mary, and Kira Hall. 2005.
|
|
``Identity and interaction: A sociocultural linguistic approach.''
|
|
\emph{Discourse Studies} 7(4--5):585--614.
|
|
\url{https://doi.org/10.1177/1461445605054407}.
|
|
|
|
\bibitem{coraal}
|
|
Kendall, Tyler, and Charlie Farrington.
|
|
\emph{Corpus of Regional African American Language (CORAAL)}.
|
|
Online Resources for African American Language.
|
|
\url{https://oraal.github.io/coraal}.
|
|
|
|
\bibitem{chj}
|
|
National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics (NINJAL).
|
|
\emph{Corpus of Historical Japanese (CHJ): Overview}.
|
|
\url{https://clrd.ninjal.ac.jp/chj/overview-en.html}.
|
|
|
|
\bibitem{cojads}
|
|
National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics (NINJAL).
|
|
\emph{Corpus of Japanese Dialects (COJADS)}.
|
|
\url{https://www2.ninjal.ac.jp/cojads/index.html}.
|
|
|
|
\bibitem{dare}
|
|
Dictionary of American Regional English.
|
|
``What is DARE?''
|
|
University of Wisconsin--Madison.
|
|
\url{https://dare.wisc.edu/about/what-is-dare/}.
|
|
|
|
\bibitem{dareReport}
|
|
von Schneidemesser, Luanne. 2006.
|
|
``The Dictionary of American Regional English: A Report on its Present State
|
|
and Plans.''
|
|
In \emph{Proceedings of EURALEX 2006}.
|
|
\url{https://euralex.org/elx_proceedings/Euralex2006/060_2006_V1_Luanne%20von%20SCHNEIDEMESSER_The%20Dictionary%20of%20American%20Regional%20English_a%20Report%20on%20its.pdf}.
|
|
|
|
\bibitem{dsl}
|
|
Dictionaries of the Scots Language.
|
|
\emph{DSL Online}.
|
|
\url{https://dsl.ac.uk/our-publications/what-is-dsl/}.
|
|
|
|
\bibitem{eckert2012}
|
|
Eckert, Penelope. 2012.
|
|
``Three waves of variation study: The emergence of meaning in the study of
|
|
variation.''
|
|
\emph{Annual Review of Anthropology} 41:87--100.
|
|
\url{https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-anthro-092611-145828}.
|
|
|
|
\bibitem{oregonWestCoast}
|
|
Becker, Kara, et al.
|
|
``Variation in West Coast English: The Case of Oregon.''
|
|
\emph{Publication of the American Dialect Society}.
|
|
\url{https://www.reed.edu/linguistics/becker/Becker_et_al_PADS_inpress.pdf}.
|
|
|
|
\bibitem{green2002}
|
|
Green, Lisa J. 2002.
|
|
\emph{African American English: A Linguistic Introduction}.
|
|
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
|
|
\url{https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/african-american-english/4CE71E97BA60212C94A342CC7F912250}.
|
|
|
|
\bibitem{gumperzlevinson1996}
|
|
Gumperz, John J., and Stephen C. Levinson, eds. 1996.
|
|
\emph{Rethinking Linguistic Relativity}.
|
|
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
|
|
\url{https://books.google.com/books/about/Rethinking_Linguistic_Relativity.html?id=o7U7PgAACAAJ}.
|
|
|
|
\bibitem{highlandEnglish}
|
|
McArthur, Tom, ed.
|
|
``Highland English.''
|
|
\emph{Concise Oxford Companion to the English Language}, entry reproduced at
|
|
Encyclopedia.com.
|
|
\url{https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/highland-english}.
|
|
|
|
\bibitem{hofmann2024}
|
|
Hofmann, Valentin, Pratyusha Ria Kalluri, Dan Jurafsky, and Sharese King. 2024.
|
|
``AI generates covertly racist decisions about people based on their dialect.''
|
|
\emph{Nature} 633:147--154.
|
|
\url{https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07856-5}.
|
|
|
|
\bibitem{irvinegal2000}
|
|
Irvine, Judith T., and Susan Gal. 2000.
|
|
``Language ideology and linguistic differentiation.''
|
|
In Paul V. Kroskrity (ed.), \emph{Regimes of Language: Ideologies, Polities,
|
|
and Identities}, 35--83.
|
|
Santa Fe: School of American Research Press.
|
|
|
|
\bibitem{koenecke2020}
|
|
Koenecke, Allison, Andrew Nam, Emily Lake, Joe Nudell, Minnie Quartey, Zion
|
|
Mengesha, Connor Toups, John R. Rickford, Dan Jurafsky, and Sharad Goel. 2020.
|
|
``Racial disparities in automated speech recognition.''
|
|
\emph{Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences} 117(14):7684--7689.
|
|
\url{https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1915768117}.
|
|
|
|
\bibitem{lucy1992}
|
|
Lucy, John A. 1992.
|
|
\emph{Language Diversity and Thought: A Reformulation of the Linguistic
|
|
Relativity Hypothesis}.
|
|
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
|
|
|
|
\bibitem{lucy1997}
|
|
Lucy, John A. 1997.
|
|
``Linguistic relativity.''
|
|
\emph{Annual Review of Anthropology} 26:291--312.
|
|
\url{https://www.linguisticanthropology.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/1997-Lucy-LinguisticRelativity-s.pdf}.
|
|
|
|
\bibitem{lajar2024}
|
|
Kato, Kanji, So Miyagawa, and Natsuko Nakagawa. 2024.
|
|
``Language Atlas of Japanese and Ryukyuan (LAJaR): A Linguistic Typology
|
|
Database for Endangered Japonic Languages.''
|
|
In \emph{Proceedings of the 6th Workshop on Research in Computational
|
|
Linguistic Typology and Multilingual NLP}, 55--57.
|
|
Association for Computational Linguistics.
|
|
\url{https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2024.sigtyp-1.7}.
|
|
|
|
\bibitem{lt4allJapan}
|
|
National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics (NINJAL). 2019.
|
|
``Language Resources for Endangered Languages and Dialects in Japan.''
|
|
\emph{Proceedings of Language Technologies for All (LT4All)}, 371--374.
|
|
\url{https://lt4all.elra.info/proceedings/lt4all2019/pdf/2019.lt4all-1.93.pdf}.
|
|
|
|
\bibitem{newmanNycEnglish}
|
|
Newman, Michael. 2020.
|
|
``New York City English.''
|
|
In \emph{The Handbook of World Englishes}, 2nd ed.
|
|
Wiley.
|
|
\url{https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119518297.eowe00153}.
|
|
|
|
\bibitem{mineiroHistoria}
|
|
Ribeiro, Silvana Soares Costa. 2016.
|
|
``A relacao entre dialetologia e historia: reflexoes teorico-metodologicas
|
|
para o estudo do portugues usado em Minas Gerais.''
|
|
\emph{Gragoata}.
|
|
\url{https://periodicos.uff.br/gragoata/article/view/33374}.
|
|
|
|
\bibitem{mineiroVariation}
|
|
Oliveira, Gisele et al.
|
|
``A variacao linguistica do `mineires': tracos fonetico-fonologicos,
|
|
morfossintaticos, lexicais e pragmaticos em perspectiva sociolinguistica.''
|
|
\emph{Sumarios.org record}.
|
|
\url{https://sumarios.org/artigo/varia%C3%A7%C3%A3o-lingu%C3%ADstica-do-%E2%80%9Cmineir%C3%AAs%E2%80%9D-tra%C3%A7os-fon%C3%A9tico-fonol%C3%B3gicos-morfossint%C3%A1ticos-lexicais-e}.
|
|
|
|
\bibitem{nurcsp}
|
|
Pellegrino, Alexandre, Aline B. Mendes, and Marcelo Finger. 2022.
|
|
``Bringing NURC/SP to Digital Life: the Role of Open-source Automatic Speech
|
|
Recognition Models.''
|
|
\url{https://arxiv.org/abs/2210.07852}.
|
|
|
|
\bibitem{oncoj}
|
|
University of Oxford and NINJAL.
|
|
\emph{Oxford-NINJAL Corpus of Old Japanese (ONCOJ)}.
|
|
\url{https://oncoj.ninjal.ac.jp/}.
|
|
|
|
\bibitem{oraalPatterns}
|
|
Online Resources for African American Language.
|
|
``African American Language Linguistic Patterns.''
|
|
\url{https://oraal.github.io/aal-linguistic-patterns}.
|
|
|
|
\bibitem{pnwEnglish}
|
|
Pacific Northwest English Study.
|
|
``Project Description.''
|
|
University of Washington.
|
|
\url{https://zeos.ling.washington.edu/PNWEnglish/about/projectDescription.php}.
|
|
|
|
\bibitem{qdrantFiltering}
|
|
Qdrant.
|
|
``Filtering.''
|
|
\url{https://qdrant.tech/documentation/search/filtering/}.
|
|
|
|
\bibitem{qdrantPayload}
|
|
Qdrant.
|
|
``A Complete Guide to Filtering in Vector Search.''
|
|
\url{https://qdrant.tech/articles/vector-search-filtering/}.
|
|
|
|
\bibitem{rickford1999}
|
|
Rickford, John R. 1999.
|
|
\emph{African American Vernacular English: Features, Evolution, Educational
|
|
Implications}.
|
|
Oxford: Blackwell.
|
|
\url{https://www.wiley-vch.de/de/fachgebiete/geistes-und-sozialwissenschaften/african-american-vernacular-english-978-0-631-21245-4}.
|
|
|
|
\bibitem{rickford2016}
|
|
Rickford, John R. 2016.
|
|
``Labov's contributions to the study of African American Vernacular English:
|
|
Pursuing linguistic and social equity.''
|
|
\emph{Journal of Sociolinguistics} 20(4):561--580.
|
|
\url{https://doi.org/10.1111/josl.12198}.
|
|
|
|
\bibitem{scotsSyntaxAtlas}
|
|
Scots Syntax Atlas.
|
|
``Research context'' and ``About the data.''
|
|
University of Glasgow project.
|
|
\url{https://scotssyntaxatlas.ac.uk/research-context/};
|
|
\url{https://scotssyntaxatlas.ac.uk/about/about-the-data/}.
|
|
|
|
\bibitem{sp2010}
|
|
Projeto SP2010.
|
|
``Corpus.''
|
|
Universidade de Sao Paulo.
|
|
\url{https://projetosp2010.fflch.usp.br/corpus}.
|
|
|
|
\bibitem{silverstein2003}
|
|
Silverstein, Michael. 2003.
|
|
``Indexical order and the dialectics of sociolinguistic life.''
|
|
\emph{Language \& Communication} 23(3--4):193--229.
|
|
\url{https://doi.org/10.1016/S0271-5309(03)00013-2}.
|
|
|
|
\bibitem{sfCvs}
|
|
Hall-Lew, Lauren, Amanda Cardoso, Yova Kemenchedjieva, Kieran Wilson, Ruaridh
|
|
Purse, and Julie Saigusa. 2015.
|
|
``San Francisco English and the California Vowel Shift.''
|
|
Proceedings of ICPhS 2015.
|
|
\url{https://www.pure.ed.ac.uk/ws/portalfiles/portal/21806704/Hall_Lew_etal_2015_ICPhS_paper.pdf}.
|
|
|
|
\bibitem{slobin1996}
|
|
Slobin, Dan I. 1996.
|
|
``From `thought and language' to `thinking for speaking'.''
|
|
In John J. Gumperz and Stephen C. Levinson (eds.),
|
|
\emph{Rethinking Linguistic Relativity}, 70--96.
|
|
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
|
|
|
|
\bibitem{wolffholmes2011}
|
|
Wolff, Phillip, and Kevin J. Holmes. 2011.
|
|
``Linguistic relativity.''
|
|
\emph{Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Cognitive Science} 2(3):253--265.
|
|
\url{https://doi.org/10.1002/wcs.104}.
|
|
|
|
\bibitem{villarreal2018}
|
|
Villarreal, Dan. 2018.
|
|
``The construction of social meaning: A matched-guise investigation of the
|
|
California Vowel Shift.''
|
|
\emph{Journal of English Linguistics}.
|
|
\url{https://doi.org/10.1177/0075424217753520}.
|
|
|
|
\bibitem{ygdp}
|
|
Yale Grammatical Diversity Project.
|
|
``Project Description.''
|
|
\url{https://ygdp.yale.edu/project-description}.
|
|
|
|
\bibitem{yaleInvariantBe}
|
|
Yale Grammatical Diversity Project.
|
|
``Invariant be.''
|
|
\url{https://ygdp.yale.edu/phenomena/invariant-be}.
|
|
|
|
\bibitem{ygdpMapbook}
|
|
Wood, Jim, Kaija Gahm, Raffaella Zanuttini, Laurence R. Horn, and Jason
|
|
Kandybowicz. 2019.
|
|
\emph{The Yale Grammatical Diversity Project: A Mapbook of Syntactic Variation
|
|
in American English}.
|
|
\url{https://elischolar.library.yale.edu/ygdp/7/}.
|
|
|
|
\bibitem{ygdpMultipleModals}
|
|
Yale Grammatical Diversity Project.
|
|
``Multiple modals.''
|
|
\url{https://ygdp.yale.edu/phenomena/multiple-modals}.
|
|
|
|
\end{thebibliography}
|
|
|
|
\end{document}
|