diff --git a/crates/weksa/src/run.rs b/crates/weksa/src/run.rs
index 7b11969..7f1b7b4 100644
--- a/crates/weksa/src/run.rs
+++ b/crates/weksa/src/run.rs
@@ -1383,7 +1383,8 @@ impl RunStores {
 
     /// The lowering prompt of `packet` for `item`: admitted into `store`,
     /// assembled and lowered. The one builder for the round's prompt, which
-    /// ablation and relower must reproduce byte for byte.
+    /// ablation and relower must reproduce byte for byte. `None` when the
+    /// lowering prompt itself is refused, as it was for the round.
     fn lowering_prompt(
         &self,
         store: &mut PacketStore,
@@ -1391,7 +1392,7 @@ impl RunStores {
         item: &CorpusItem,
         inventory: &crate::Inventory,
         ontology: &crate::Ontology,
-    ) -> Result<Prompt, RunError> {
+    ) -> Result<Option<Prompt>, RunError> {
         let packet_item = packet.provenance.corpus_item.clone();
         let view = store
             .admit(packet, &self.inventory, &self.corpus, &self.entities)
@@ -1399,8 +1400,7 @@ impl RunStores {
         let view = self
             .assembled(view, &self.inventory)
             .map_err(|_| RunError::Store)?;
-        Prompt::lower(&view, &packet_item, &item.language, inventory, &self.entities, ontology)
-            .map_err(|_| RunError::Store)
+        Ok(Prompt::lower(&view, &packet_item, &item.language, inventory, &self.entities, ontology).ok())
     }
 
     /// `<root>/ablation-<n>`, where a stance ablation's prompts, answers and
@@ -1455,7 +1455,8 @@ impl RunStores {
             let mut rows = Vec::new();
             for (i, (item, packet)) in held.iter().enumerate() {
                 let mut prompt_of = |slot: usize, packet: Packet| -> Result<Prompt, RunError> {
-                    self.lowering_prompt(&mut stores[slot], packet, item, &inventory, &ontology)
+                    self.lowering_prompt(&mut stores[slot], packet, item, &inventory, &ontology)?
+                        .ok_or(RunError::Store)
                 };
                 let base = prompt_of(0, packet.clone())?;
                 let mut variants: [Option<Prompt>; 2] = [None, None];
@@ -1574,10 +1575,20 @@ impl RunStores {
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
 pub struct RelowerReading {
     pub language: String,
-    /// Live Validation items of the language in the round.
+    /// Live Validation items of the language read: those with a round packet
+    /// whose lowering prompt the round could build. Every reading below is over
+    /// these items, so recorded, arm and floor stay comparable.
     pub n: u32,
+    /// Live Validation items of the language not read: refused by the round
+    /// before admission (no packet) or at the lowering prompt. They are in no
+    /// reading, so `recorded` can differ from the round's own Validation
+    /// reading, which scores them 0.
+    pub skipped: u32,
     /// Arm answers that were not a usable lowering; each scored 0.
     pub unusable: u32,
+    /// Floor-arm answers that were not a usable lowering; each scored 0, which
+    /// widens `floor`. Zero without a floor arm.
+    pub floor_unusable: u32,
     /// The round's own lowering, read against the items.
     pub recorded: Reading,
     pub arm: Reading,
@@ -1593,11 +1604,14 @@ impl RelowerReading {
         let floor = self
             .floor
             .as_ref()
-            .map_or(String::new(), |f| format!(" | floor {}", show(f)));
+            .map_or(String::new(), |f| {
+                format!(" | floor {} unusable={}", show(f), self.floor_unusable)
+            });
         format!(
-            "relower {} n={} unusable={} recorded {} | arm {}{floor}",
+            "relower {} n={} skipped={} unusable={} recorded {} | arm {}{floor}",
             self.language,
             self.n,
+            self.skipped,
             self.unusable,
             show(&self.recorded),
             show(&self.arm),
@@ -1661,8 +1675,13 @@ impl RunStores {
         for (_, _, items) in &held {
             let mut language_rows = Vec::new();
             for (item, packet) in items {
-                let prompt =
-                    self.lowering_prompt(&mut scratch, packet.clone(), item, &inventory, &ontology)?;
+                // An item the round could not lower has no prompt to ask; it is skipped
+                // and counted, not scored.
+                let Some(prompt) =
+                    self.lowering_prompt(&mut scratch, packet.clone(), item, &inventory, &ontology)?
+                else {
+                    continue;
+                };
                 let text = |a: Asked| match a {
                     Asked::Text(t) => Some(t),
                     _ => None,
@@ -1730,9 +1749,10 @@ impl RunStores {
             .ok_or(RunError::NoValidation)
         };
         let mut languages = Vec::new();
+        let live = self.corpus.all().map_err(store)?;
         for ((language, _, _), language_rows) in held.iter().zip(&rows) {
             let (mut rec, mut arm_scores, mut floor_scores) = (Vec::new(), Vec::new(), Vec::new());
-            let mut unusable = 0u32;
+            let (mut unusable, mut floor_unusable) = (0u32, 0u32);
             for (_, r, a, f) in language_rows {
                 rec.push(next(r)?);
                 arm_scores.push(next(a)?);
@@ -1741,13 +1761,24 @@ impl RunStores {
                 }
                 if floor.is_some() {
                     floor_scores.push(next(f)?);
+                    if f.is_none() {
+                        floor_unusable += 1;
+                    }
                 }
             }
             let recorded_reading = reading_of(&rec)?;
             languages.push(RelowerReading {
                 language: language.clone(),
                 n: language_rows.len() as u32,
+                skipped: live
+                    .iter()
+                    .filter(|i| {
+                        &i.language == language && SplitScheme::V1.live(i) == Some(Split::Validation)
+                    })
+                    .count() as u32
+                    - language_rows.len() as u32,
                 unusable,
+                floor_unusable,
                 recorded: recorded_reading,
                 arm: reading_of(&arm_scores)?,
                 floor: if floor.is_some() {
diff --git a/crates/weksa/tests/cli.rs b/crates/weksa/tests/cli.rs
index 455f751..95a147a 100644
--- a/crates/weksa/tests/cli.rs
+++ b/crates/weksa/tests/cli.rs
@@ -1820,7 +1820,7 @@ fn cli_loop_relower_exits_3_until_answered_and_refuses_bad_labels() {
     let second = relower(&["--arm", "tuned"]);
     assert!(second.status.success(), "{}", out(&second));
     let text = out(&second);
-    assert!(text.starts_with("relower en-US n=2 unusable=0 recorded "), "{text}");
+    assert!(text.starts_with("relower en-US n=2 skipped=0 unusable=0 recorded "), "{text}");
     assert!(text.contains("arm=tuned lowerer=tuned-x"), "{text}");
     assert!(text.contains(" lowering="), "{text}");
     assert!(!text.contains("verdict") && !text.contains("floor"), "{text}");
diff --git a/crates/weksa/tests/golf_loop.rs b/crates/weksa/tests/golf_loop.rs
index 771da27..179d0ea 100644
--- a/crates/weksa/tests/golf_loop.rs
+++ b/crates/weksa/tests/golf_loop.rs
@@ -5503,6 +5503,96 @@ fn relower_floor_is_the_spread_of_recorded_and_the_floor_arm() {
     assert!((f.composite - (l.recorded.composite - a.composite).abs()).abs() < 1e-9);
     assert!(l.line().contains(&format!("| floor chrf={:.2}", f.chrf)), "{}", l.line());
     assert_eq!(l.unusable, 0, "unusable counts the arm, not the floor");
+    assert_eq!(l.floor_unusable, 1, "the floor arm's refusal is counted apart");
+    assert!(l.line().contains(" unusable=0 recorded "), "{}", l.line());
+    assert!(l.line().ends_with(" unusable=1"), "the floor's refusal is on the line: {}", l.line());
+    // Without a floor arm there is none to count.
+    assert_eq!(as_arm[0].floor_unusable, 0);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn relower_skips_and_counts_an_item_the_round_refused_before_admission() {
+    // Validation item 3 is not an encodable draft in the round: it has no packet.
+    let (dao, _) = recorded_dao(|answers| {
+        answers.insert("item:daodejing:3".into(), "not a draft".into());
+    });
+    let (mut rec, mut arm) = (Lowerer::new(blind), Lowerer::new(blind));
+    let (langs, _) = relowered(relower(&dao, &mut rec, &mut arm, None));
+    let l = &langs[0];
+    assert_eq!((l.n, l.skipped, l.unusable), (2, 1, 0), "{}", l.line());
+    assert!(l.line().starts_with("relower en-US n=2 skipped=1 unusable=0 "), "{}", l.line());
+    assert_eq!(l.recorded, l.arm, "both readings are over the same two items");
+    assert!(arm.seen.iter().all(|(_, key, _)| key != "item:daodejing:3"), "nothing is asked for it");
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn relower_skips_and_counts_an_item_whose_lowering_prompt_the_round_refused() {
+    // ja-JP item 12 cites an entity with no ja form: the round admitted it and refused it
+    // at Lower. Item 13 cites none and lowers.
+    let mut dao = bilingual(None);
+    let mut model = bilingual_fake();
+    model.answers.insert("item:daodejing:12".into(), citing_laozi(2));
+    model.answers.insert("item:daodejing:13".into(), json(&draft_of(3)));
+    let r = recorded(round(&mut dao.run, &mut model, &Scorer::new(Bag)).unwrap());
+    assert_eq!(r.language("ja-JP").unwrap().validation_refused.lower, 1);
+    let (mut rec, mut arm) = (Lowerer::new(bi_blind), Lowerer::new(bi_blind));
+    let (langs, _) = relowered(relower(&dao, &mut rec, &mut arm, None));
+    let ja = langs.iter().find(|l| l.language == "ja-JP").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!((ja.n, ja.skipped), (1, 1), "{}", ja.line());
+    assert_eq!(ja.recorded, ja.arm);
+    let en = langs.iter().find(|l| l.language == "en-US").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!((en.n, en.skipped), (2, 0), "{}", en.line());
+    assert!(arm.seen.iter().all(|(_, key, _)| key != "item:daodejing:12"));
+}
+
+/// The ja-JP item's own text, else the English one: `f` for en-US.
+fn bi(key: &str, text: &str, f: fn(&str, &str) -> String) -> String {
+    match JA_TEXTS.iter().find(|(k, ..)| *k == key) {
+        Some((_, ja, _)) => ja.to_string(),
+        None => f(key, text),
+    }
+}
+
+fn bi_blind(key: &str, text: &str) -> String {
+    bi(key, text, blind)
+}
+
+fn bi_reader(key: &str, text: &str) -> String {
+    bi(key, text, reader)
+}
+
+/// Fine in English, nonsense in ja-JP.
+fn bi_ja_lost(key: &str, text: &str) -> String {
+    match JA_TEXTS.iter().any(|(k, ..)| *k == key) {
+        true => "zzzz".into(),
+        false => blind(key, text),
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn relower_decides_over_the_whole_panel_not_its_first_language() {
+    use weksa::run::decide_panel;
+    let mut dao = bilingual(LAOZI_JA);
+    recorded(round(&mut dao.run, &mut bilingual_fake(), &Scorer::new(Bag)).unwrap());
+    // en-US gains (the arm drops the stance the recorded lowering repeats); ja-JP is lost.
+    let (langs, verdict) = relowered(relower(
+        &dao,
+        &mut Lowerer::new(bi_reader),
+        &mut Lowerer::new(bi_ja_lost),
+        Some(&mut Lowerer::new(bi_reader)),
+    ));
+    assert_eq!(
+        langs.iter().map(|l| (l.language.as_str(), l.n)).collect::<Vec<_>>(),
+        [("en-US", 2), ("ja-JP", 2)],
+        "panel order, Validation only"
+    );
+    assert!(langs[0].arm.composite > langs[0].recorded.composite, "en-US gains");
+    assert!(langs[1].arm.composite < langs[1].recorded.composite, "ja-JP is lost");
+    let panel: Vec<_> = langs.iter().map(|l| (l.recorded, l.arm, l.floor.unwrap())).collect();
+    assert_eq!(verdict, Some(decide_panel(&panel)));
+    assert!(matches!(verdict, Some(Verdict::Rejected(Why::Regressed(_)))), "{verdict:?}");
+    // The first language alone would have accepted.
+    assert_eq!(decide_panel(&panel[..1]), Verdict::Accepted);
 }
 
 #[test]