diff --git a/docs/cultural-ontology-meta-analysis.tex b/docs/cultural-ontology-meta-analysis.tex index 7783b64..26ba328 100644 --- a/docs/cultural-ontology-meta-analysis.tex +++ b/docs/cultural-ontology-meta-analysis.tex @@ -48,6 +48,9 @@ The immediate design targets are: \begin{itemize}[noitemsep] \item African American English / African American Language as a dialect or speech tradition with systematic grammar and cultural indexicality. + \item Regional and contact-influenced US English targets, including West + Coast, East Coast, Deep South, and New York/Yiddish-contact registers as + explicit overlays rather than one generic American flavor. \item Scottish targets that distinguish Scots, Scottish Standard English, Highland English, and Scottish Gaelic influence instead of collapsing them into a single ``Scottish'' costume. @@ -154,6 +157,66 @@ misspelling, or accent. It needs a dialect profile with: \item anti-caricature constraints. \end{itemize} +\subsection{US English Is a Regional, Social, and Contact-Language Field} + +``US English'' is not a single cultural ontology. It is a base locale with +regional dialects, ethnic and racialized speech traditions, institutional +registers, class-indexed styles, media norms, and contact-language repertoires. +The Dictionary of American Regional English documents regional words, phrases, +and pronunciations across the United States, while the Atlas of North American +English provides a phonological map of North American regional sound change +\cite{dare,dareReport,anae}. The Yale Grammatical Diversity Project documents +syntactic variation in North American English, including features such as +multiple modals in South Midland and Southern varieties +\cite{ygdp,ygdpMapbook,ygdpMultipleModals}. + +For Weksa, US English should therefore be represented as a stack: + +\begin{itemize}[noitemsep] + \item \texttt{en-US.base}: broad American English defaults. + \item \texttt{en-US.west\_coast}: a regional family containing California, + Pacific Northwest, and urban/rural subprofiles. + \item \texttt{en-US.east\_coast}: a family containing New York City, + Boston, Philadelphia, Appalachian, Mid-Atlantic, and other local profiles. + \item \texttt{en-US.deep\_south}: Southern regional profiles with separate + gates for AAL, Appalachian, Gulf Coast, rural, urban, class, race, religion, + and formality. + \item \texttt{en-US.nyc.yiddish\_contact}: a New York and American Jewish + English contact overlay, not a generic comedy seasoning. +\end{itemize} + +West Coast targets need internal separation. Pacific Northwest English is an +active object of regional study, and Oregon data show that West Coast English +cannot be reduced to California alone \cite{pnwEnglish,oregonWestCoast}. +California-facing profiles should represent California Vowel Shift evidence and +its social meanings as optional phonological and indexical pressure, not as a +lexical stereotype \cite{sfCvs,villarreal2018}. A ``West Coast casual'' target +may therefore activate low formality, regional lexical choices, and media/social +stance, but it should not imply surfer speech, Valley Girl caricature, or a +single Californian identity. + +Deep South targets need the same separation discipline. Multiple modals, +second-person plural forms such as \emph{y'all}, Southern vowel systems, and +regional discourse norms are real affordances, but ``Southern'' is not a class, +race, education level, or joke \cite{ygdpMultipleModals,anae}. A Deep South +stack must keep regional dialect, AAL/African American Language, Appalachian +English, Gulf Coast varieties, rurality, religion, occupation, class, and +persona as distinct axes. The machine should be able to say ``formal Black +church register in coastal Georgia'' or ``white rural Alabama mechanic talking +to a cousin'' without treating either as the whole South. + +New York English also requires contact-aware modeling. New York City English +has been studied as a locally distinct variety with ethnic and neighborhood +variation, while Jewish English and Yiddish influence form their own repertoire +with lexical, prosodic, pragmatic, and identity-indexing resources +\cite{newmanNycEnglish,becker2009nyc,burdin2018,benorJewishEnglish}. +The requested ``strong New York slang with Yiddish mixed in'' should compile as +\texttt{en-US.nyc.urban} plus an American Jewish English or Yiddish-contact +overlay only when speaker, scene, community, or authoring metadata gives it +standing. The forbidden flattening is obvious and load-bearing: do not conflate +New York English, Jewish English, Yeshivish or Hasidic English, Italian +American English, Puerto Rican English, AAL, or media gangster parody. + \subsection{Scottish Targets Require Varietal Separation} ``Highland Scottish'' is not a clean linguistic target. A generation system must @@ -479,6 +542,132 @@ forbidden_flattenings: - Do not generate dense AAL without speaker/context authority. \end{lstlisting} +\subsection{US English Regional and Contact Overlays} + +\begin{lstlisting}[basicstyle=\ttfamily\small,breaklines=true] +schema: weksa.cultural_ontology_profile.v0 +profile_id: weksa.cultural_ontology.en-US.west_coast.california_casual.v0 +kind: regional_register_overlay +status: draft_guarded +parent_profiles: + - weksa.target_cultural_ontology.en-US.v0 +retrieval: + qdrant_collection: weksa_cultural_ontology_sources + required_payload_filters: + language_code: en + locale: en-US + region: [California, West Coast] + source_type: [dialect_atlas, sociolinguistic_study, reviewed_example] +activation: + allowed_when: + - speaker_or_scene_refs_california_or_west_coast + - authoring_metadata_requests_california_casual_register + forbidden_when: + - surfer_or_valley_girl_caricature + - generic_american_youth_flavor +style_controls: + density: + min: light + max: reviewed_moderate + register: + options: [casual, media_casual, professional_informal] +forbidden_flattenings: + - Do not treat California as the whole West Coast. + - Do not treat vowel-shift evidence as mandatory spelling distortion. + - Do not collapse region, age, ethnicity, and class into one style. +\end{lstlisting} + +\begin{lstlisting}[basicstyle=\ttfamily\small,breaklines=true] +schema: weksa.cultural_ontology_profile.v0 +profile_id: weksa.cultural_ontology.en-US.deep_south.v0 +kind: regional_profile_stack_template +status: draft_guarded +parent_profiles: + - weksa.target_cultural_ontology.en-US.v0 +stack_axes: + region: Deep South + race_or_ethnolinguistic_tradition: explicit_or_unknown + rural_urban: explicit_or_unknown + class_or_occupation: explicit_or_unknown + religion_or_church_register: explicit_or_unknown + formality: explicit_or_unknown +activation: + allowed_when: + - speaker_or_scene_refs_deep_south + - authoring_metadata_requests_specific_southern_region + forbidden_when: + - generic_redneck_caricature + - low_intelligence_indexing + - race_or_class_inferred_from_region_only +salience_axes: + modality: + distinctions: + - multiple_modals_when_evidence_supports + address: + distinctions: + - second_person_plural + - politeness_and_kinship_terms +forbidden_flattenings: + - Southern is not AAL, and AAL is not Southern by default. + - Southern is not one accent, class, politics, religion, or education level. + - Do not use eye spelling as a substitute for grammar or corpus evidence. +\end{lstlisting} + +\begin{lstlisting}[basicstyle=\ttfamily\small,breaklines=true] +schema: weksa.cultural_ontology_profile.v0 +profile_id: weksa.cultural_ontology.en-US.east_coast.v0 +kind: regional_family_profile +status: draft +parent_profiles: + - weksa.target_cultural_ontology.en-US.v0 +child_profiles: + - weksa.cultural_ontology.en-US.nyc.urban.v0 + - weksa.cultural_ontology.en-US.boston.v0 + - weksa.cultural_ontology.en-US.philadelphia.v0 + - weksa.cultural_ontology.en-US.appalachian.v0 +activation: + allowed_when: + - specific_east_coast_region_selected + forbidden_when: + - generic_east_coast_attitude +forbidden_flattenings: + - East Coast is a routing family, not a dialect. + - Do not let New York stand in for all eastern US speech. +\end{lstlisting} + +\begin{lstlisting}[basicstyle=\ttfamily\small,breaklines=true] +schema: weksa.cultural_ontology_profile.v0 +profile_id: weksa.cultural_ontology.en-US.nyc.yiddish_contact_slang.v0 +kind: contact_language_overlay +status: draft_guarded +parent_profiles: + - weksa.cultural_ontology.en-US.nyc.urban.v0 +contact_languages: + - yi +speech_traditions: + - American Jewish English + - Yiddish contact in New York English +activation: + allowed_when: + - speaker_profile_refs_jewish_english_or_yiddish_contact + - scene_context_refs_nyc_jewish_community_or_yiddish_contact + - authoring_metadata_requests_reviewed_contact_overlay + forbidden_when: + - generic_new_york_comedy + - yiddish_as_random_spice + - non_jewish_speaker_performance_without_context +style_controls: + density: + min: light_lexical_color + max: reviewed_dense_contact_register + register: + options: [casual, comic_in_group, family_argument, public_nyc_slang] +forbidden_flattenings: + - Do not conflate New York English with Jewish English. + - Do not conflate Jewish English, Yeshivish, Hasidic English, or Yiddish. + - Do not use Yiddish-origin forms to mark greed, neurosis, or cowardice. +\end{lstlisting} + \subsection{Highland English / Gaelic-Substrate Scottish English} \begin{lstlisting}[basicstyle=\ttfamily\small,breaklines=true] @@ -737,6 +926,14 @@ Green 2002; Rickford 1999, 2016 & Establish AAVE/AAL as systematic grammar and socially meaningful language practice. \\ CORAAL, ORAAL, Yale Grammatical Diversity Project & Provide corpus and pattern anchors for AAL features and reviewed examples. \\ +DARE, ANAE, YGDP & Anchor US English as regional lexical, phonological, and +syntactic variation rather than a single American default. \\ +Pacific Northwest English Study; Becker et al.; Hall-Lew et al.; Villarreal & +Anchor West Coast internal variation, including Oregon, Pacific Northwest, San +Francisco, and California Vowel Shift social meanings. \\ +Newman; Becker; Burdin; Benor and Cohen & Anchor New York City English, +ethnicity in NYC speech, Jewish English prosody, and Yiddish/American Jewish +English contact as separate but intersecting resources. \\ Scots Syntax Atlas, DSL, Aitken 1984 & Provide dialectological and lexicographic anchors for Scots and the Scots--English continuum. \\ Highland English reference & Warns that Highland English is Gaelic-contact @@ -770,6 +967,31 @@ Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Available via the Scots Language Centre: \url{https://media.scotslanguage.com/library/document/aitken/Scots_and_English_in_Scotland.pdf}. +\bibitem{anae} +Labov, William, Sharon Ash, and Charles Boberg. 2006. +\emph{The Atlas of North American English: Phonetics, Phonology and Sound +Change}. +Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. +\url{https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110206838}. + +\bibitem{becker2009nyc} +Becker, Kara. 2009. +``The Sociolinguistics of Ethnicity in New York City.'' +\emph{Language and Linguistics Compass} 3(3):751--766. +\url{https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-818X.2009.00138.x}. + +\bibitem{benorJewishEnglish} +Benor, Sarah Bunin, and Steven M. Cohen. 2009. +``Talking Jewish: The `ethnic English' of American Jews.'' +In Lederhendler (ed.), \emph{Ethnicity and Beyond: Theories and Dilemmas of +Jewish Group Demarcation}, 62--78. + +\bibitem{burdin2018} +Burdin, Rachel Steindel. 2018. +``The Perception of Macro-rhythm in Jewish English Intonation.'' +\emph{Penn Working Papers in Linguistics} 24(2). +\url{https://scholars.unh.edu/faculty_pubs/1459/}. + \bibitem{bucholtzhall2005} Bucholtz, Mary, and Kira Hall. 2005. ``Identity and interaction: A sociocultural linguistic approach.'' @@ -792,6 +1014,19 @@ National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics (NINJAL). \emph{Corpus of Japanese Dialects (COJADS)}. \url{https://www2.ninjal.ac.jp/cojads/index.html}. +\bibitem{dare} +Dictionary of American Regional English. +``What is DARE?'' +University of Wisconsin--Madison. +\url{https://dare.wisc.edu/about/what-is-dare/}. + +\bibitem{dareReport} +von Schneidemesser, Luanne. 2006. +``The Dictionary of American Regional English: A Report on its Present State +and Plans.'' +In \emph{Proceedings of EURALEX 2006}. +\url{https://euralex.org/elx_proceedings/Euralex2006/060_2006_V1_Luanne%20von%20SCHNEIDEMESSER_The%20Dictionary%20of%20American%20Regional%20English_a%20Report%20on%20its.pdf}. + \bibitem{dsl} Dictionaries of the Scots Language. \emph{DSL Online}. @@ -804,6 +1039,12 @@ variation.'' \emph{Annual Review of Anthropology} 41:87--100. \url{https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-anthro-092611-145828}. +\bibitem{oregonWestCoast} +Becker, Kara, et al. +``Variation in West Coast English: The Case of Oregon.'' +\emph{Publication of the American Dialect Society}. +\url{https://www.reed.edu/linguistics/becker/Becker_et_al_PADS_inpress.pdf}. + \bibitem{green2002} Green, Lisa J. 2002. \emph{African American English: A Linguistic Introduction}. @@ -870,6 +1111,13 @@ National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics (NINJAL). 2019. \emph{Proceedings of Language Technologies for All (LT4All)}, 371--374. \url{https://lt4all.elra.info/proceedings/lt4all2019/pdf/2019.lt4all-1.93.pdf}. +\bibitem{newmanNycEnglish} +Newman, Michael. 2020. +``New York City English.'' +In \emph{The Handbook of World Englishes}, 2nd ed. +Wiley. +\url{https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119518297.eowe00153}. + \bibitem{mineiroHistoria} Ribeiro, Silvana Soares Costa. 2016. ``A relacao entre dialetologia e historia: reflexoes teorico-metodologicas @@ -900,6 +1148,12 @@ Online Resources for African American Language. ``African American Language Linguistic Patterns.'' \url{https://oraal.github.io/aal-linguistic-patterns}. +\bibitem{pnwEnglish} +Pacific Northwest English Study. +``Project Description.'' +University of Washington. +\url{https://zeos.ling.washington.edu/PNWEnglish/about/projectDescription.php}. + \bibitem{qdrantFiltering} Qdrant. ``Filtering.'' @@ -943,6 +1197,13 @@ Silverstein, Michael. 2003. \emph{Language \& Communication} 23(3--4):193--229. \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/S0271-5309(03)00013-2}. +\bibitem{sfCvs} +Hall-Lew, Lauren, Amanda Cardoso, Yova Kemenchedjieva, Kieran Wilson, Ruaridh +Purse, and Julie Saigusa. 2015. +``San Francisco English and the California Vowel Shift.'' +Proceedings of ICPhS 2015. +\url{https://www.pure.ed.ac.uk/ws/portalfiles/portal/21806704/Hall_Lew_etal_2015_ICPhS_paper.pdf}. + \bibitem{slobin1996} Slobin, Dan I. 1996. ``From `thought and language' to `thinking for speaking'.'' @@ -956,11 +1217,35 @@ Wolff, Phillip, and Kevin J. Holmes. 2011. \emph{Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Cognitive Science} 2(3):253--265. \url{https://doi.org/10.1002/wcs.104}. +\bibitem{villarreal2018} +Villarreal, Dan. 2018. +``The construction of social meaning: A matched-guise investigation of the +California Vowel Shift.'' +\emph{Journal of English Linguistics}. +\url{https://doi.org/10.1177/0075424217753520}. + +\bibitem{ygdp} +Yale Grammatical Diversity Project. +``Project Description.'' +\url{https://ygdp.yale.edu/project-description}. + \bibitem{yaleInvariantBe} Yale Grammatical Diversity Project. ``Invariant be.'' \url{https://ygdp.yale.edu/phenomena/invariant-be}. +\bibitem{ygdpMapbook} +Wood, Jim, Kaija Gahm, Raffaella Zanuttini, Laurence R. Horn, and Jason +Kandybowicz. 2019. +\emph{The Yale Grammatical Diversity Project: A Mapbook of Syntactic Variation +in American English}. +\url{https://elischolar.library.yale.edu/ygdp/7/}. + +\bibitem{ygdpMultipleModals} +Yale Grammatical Diversity Project. +``Multiple modals.'' +\url{https://ygdp.yale.edu/phenomena/multiple-modals}. + \end{thebibliography} \end{document} diff --git a/docs/research/cultural-ontology/sources/manifest.md b/docs/research/cultural-ontology/sources/manifest.md index 842b2f5..eb760a3 100644 --- a/docs/research/cultural-ontology/sources/manifest.md +++ b/docs/research/cultural-ontology/sources/manifest.md @@ -15,7 +15,9 @@ Files live under `docs/research/cultural-ontology/sources/pdfs/`. | --- | ---: | --- | --- | --- | | `aitken-1984-scots-and-english-in-scotland.pdf` | 1226119 | `91158235ce9bc5b7ab29860a6b280f4614220283630bca961f41aa9831fe9d2a` | https://media.scotslanguage.com/library/document/aitken/Scots_and_English_in_Scotland.pdf | Scots-English continuum. | | `alib-english-info.pdf` | 134303 | `841934af5c8e8126623348a1c728887bbf25d57fc33c2fba40f265671bd8ee1a` | https://alib.ufba.br/sites/alib.ufba.br/files/informacoes_em_ingles.pdf | Brazilian geolinguistic atlas anchor. | +| `becker-etal-oregon-west-coast-english.pdf` | 1305891 | `aaf6de482d53a1174585acbd2d0c87b73e7212d21ba2787b7dd15317f183fcf6` | https://www.reed.edu/linguistics/becker/Becker_et_al_PADS_inpress.pdf | Oregon and West Coast English variation. | | `bucholtz-hall-2005-identity-interaction.pdf` | 188579 | `df3ad035c31084c9ab310e75edeea6617d2386da2a66fe7ba87d3974e512a25b` | https://bucholtz.linguistics.ucsb.edu/sites/secure.lsit.ucsb.edu.ling.d7_b/files/sitefiles/research/publications/BucholtzHall2005-DiscourseStudies.pdf | Identity/indexicality. | +| `dare-report-2006.pdf` | 492040 | `f04fa881a200e8871ed5490f2e1aa79c54a1af086fba50f3a0df4fefe2991f82` | https://euralex.org/elx_proceedings/Euralex2006/060_2006_V1_Luanne%20von%20SCHNEIDEMESSER_The%20Dictionary%20of%20American%20Regional%20English_a%20Report%20on%20its.pdf | Dictionary of American Regional English status/report. | | `eckert-2012-three-waves.pdf` | 5615454 | `ebbef075a1f4796d1d9cea09f2e817e540433f9f4586061034d5bdc6a29ccf80` | https://cpb-us-w2.wpmucdn.com/u.osu.edu/dist/b/91619/files/2020/10/Eckert-2012.pdf | Third-wave sociolinguistic variation. | | `hofmann-2024-ai-dialect-prejudice-arxiv.pdf` | 8337888 | `9a9ecdf3e18fff118a2a17afbe9e57401f6a48579007744c7d338d0ba8a3dc12` | https://arxiv.org/pdf/2403.00742 | Preprint copy for Nature dialect-prejudice paper. | | `kendall-farrington-coraal-data-management.pdf` | 215666 | `11d790f4ee3c4531bf2ba773694152d12267a86bd00c95bfca8329e68e1ebd2c` | https://pages.uoregon.edu/tsk/pdfs/tf/KendallFarrington_DMUC_CORAAL.pdf | CORAAL data-management/corpus anchor. | @@ -23,8 +25,11 @@ Files live under `docs/research/cultural-ontology/sources/pdfs/`. | `lt4all-2019-endangered-languages-japan-cojads.pdf` | 45921639 | `7aeff1e6a20fce2d0ab6cbeb62c14c65559de86952aafa71695857bcd7f8770a` | https://lt4all.elra.info/proceedings/lt4all2019/pdf/2019.lt4all-1.93.pdf | COJADS/endangered languages in Japan. | | `lucy-1997-linguistic-relativity.pdf` | 1465375 | `6faefd00a33ba48bc5d361c4e1c20497b8f4913e4b117fa2506d4a0c04e89352` | https://www.linguisticanthropology.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/1997-Lucy-LinguisticRelativity-s.pdf | Linguistic relativity review. | | `nurc-sp-digital-life-2022.pdf` | 1191465 | `a28a4656efe497931c1216f9c06bd0d0673d863a18741f7fcd70f4af26ca8c19` | https://arxiv.org/pdf/2210.07852 | NURC/SP corpus and ASR modernization. | +| `pnw-english-study-description.pdf` | 447590 | `2f121d8bebab1866d9f527985f5482b682ea89e0e4fada02b5fbc9d3e62fb376` | https://openscholar.uga.edu/nanna/record/21788/files/WP2016_Stanley.pdf?registerDownload=1&version=1&withMetadata=0&withWatermark=0 | Pacific Northwest English regional variation source. | +| `san-francisco-english-cvs-2015.pdf` | 1428531 | `d8d8fb0456b45d1d393430652964692ee2e8cb93634312998ffe635a5740ffe4` | https://www.pure.ed.ac.uk/ws/portalfiles/portal/21806704/Hall_Lew_etal_2015_ICPhS_paper.pdf | San Francisco English and California Vowel Shift. | | `silverstein-2003-indexical-order.pdf` | 564834 | `1c77d230c48dc2c6e8c390f89b5722d37dc131724b1baafa4621412f9ff9d2e4` | https://web.stanford.edu/~eckert/Courses/ParisPapers/Silverstein2003.pdf | Indexical order. | | `wolff-holmes-2011-linguistic-relativity.pdf` | 204993 | `7094adfdaf0a0878bac5e858640a133b12b1af437fb1c2e0d8017e78bb720b10` | https://www.reed.edu/psychology/thought-lab/assets/publications/Wolff%20_%20Holmes%202011%20-%20WIREs%20Cognitive%20Science.pdf | Contemporary linguistic relativity review. | +| `ygdp-mapbook-2019.pdf` | 31664102 | `c9496103ced75f094f4851ee582f0573d0da10af24ea89baca2abf2b54c5812a` | https://elischolar.library.yale.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1006&context=ygdp | Yale Grammatical Diversity Project mapbook. | ## Live References Not Cached @@ -46,6 +51,29 @@ Files live under `docs/research/cultural-ontology/sources/pdfs/`. - ORAAL African American Language patterns: https://oraal.github.io/aal-linguistic-patterns. - CORAAL corpus landing page: https://oraal.github.io/coraal. +- Dictionary of American Regional English, `What is DARE?`: + https://dare.wisc.edu/about/what-is-dare/. +- Labov, William; Ash, Sharon; Boberg, Charles. 2006. + `The Atlas of North American English: Phonetics, Phonology and Sound Change`. + DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110206838. +- Yale Grammatical Diversity Project, project description: + https://ygdp.yale.edu/project-description. +- Yale Grammatical Diversity Project, `Multiple modals`: + https://ygdp.yale.edu/phenomena/multiple-modals. +- Pacific Northwest English Study project description: + https://zeos.ling.washington.edu/PNWEnglish/about/projectDescription.php. +- Villarreal, Dan. 2018. `The construction of social meaning: A matched-guise + investigation of the California Vowel Shift`. + DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0075424217753520. +- Newman, Michael. 2020. `New York City English`. + DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119518297.eowe00153. +- Becker, Kara. 2009. `The Sociolinguistics of Ethnicity in New York City`. + DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-818X.2009.00138.x. +- Burdin, Rachel Steindel. 2018. `The Perception of Macro-rhythm in Jewish + English Intonation`: https://scholars.unh.edu/faculty_pubs/1459/. +- Benor, Sarah Bunin, and Steven M. Cohen. 2009. `Talking Jewish: The ethnic + English of American Jews`. Live/public record located through ResearchGate: + https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281096020_Talking_Jewish_The_%27ethnic_English%27_of_American_Jews. - Scots Syntax Atlas research context: https://scotssyntaxatlas.ac.uk/research-context/. - Scots Syntax Atlas data page: @@ -80,3 +108,14 @@ Files live under `docs/research/cultural-ontology/sources/pdfs/`. - Cambridge `Lifespan changes from above...` PDF URL returned HTML, not a PDF. - ONCOJ manual URL attempted at `https://oncoj.ninjal.ac.jp/documents/ONCOJ_Manual.pdf` returned HTTP 404. The ONCOJ live site remains cited. +- Penn repository `Y'all Means All: The Changing Indexicality of a Southernism` + content URL returned HTTP 404. Southern indexicality remains covered through + YGDP, DARE, ANAE, and future source-gathering should retry this paper by + repository record rather than the stale bitstream URL. +- Canterbury repository PDF for Villarreal 2018 returned HTTP 403. The DOI and + journal landing page remain cited. +- Campinas PDF attempted for `New York City English, 50 years after Labov` + returned HTTP 404. NYC English remains covered through Newman 2020 and Becker + 2009. +- UNH `cgi/viewcontent` PDF for Burdin 2018 returned HTML rather than a PDF. + The repository landing page remains cited. diff --git a/docs/research/cultural-ontology/sources/pdfs/becker-etal-oregon-west-coast-english.pdf b/docs/research/cultural-ontology/sources/pdfs/becker-etal-oregon-west-coast-english.pdf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1f3241e Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/research/cultural-ontology/sources/pdfs/becker-etal-oregon-west-coast-english.pdf differ diff --git a/docs/research/cultural-ontology/sources/pdfs/dare-report-2006.pdf b/docs/research/cultural-ontology/sources/pdfs/dare-report-2006.pdf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d20e824 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/research/cultural-ontology/sources/pdfs/dare-report-2006.pdf differ diff --git a/docs/research/cultural-ontology/sources/pdfs/pnw-english-study-description.pdf b/docs/research/cultural-ontology/sources/pdfs/pnw-english-study-description.pdf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..def3c86 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/research/cultural-ontology/sources/pdfs/pnw-english-study-description.pdf differ diff --git a/docs/research/cultural-ontology/sources/pdfs/san-francisco-english-cvs-2015.pdf b/docs/research/cultural-ontology/sources/pdfs/san-francisco-english-cvs-2015.pdf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5fbf433 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/research/cultural-ontology/sources/pdfs/san-francisco-english-cvs-2015.pdf differ diff --git a/docs/research/cultural-ontology/sources/pdfs/ygdp-mapbook-2019.pdf b/docs/research/cultural-ontology/sources/pdfs/ygdp-mapbook-2019.pdf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bba83b1 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/research/cultural-ontology/sources/pdfs/ygdp-mapbook-2019.pdf differ