diff --git a/Assets/Scripts/ServerShared/Agents/Agent.cs b/Assets/Scripts/ServerShared/Agents/Agent.cs
index c906ce33b..7aa7cfc54 100644
--- a/Assets/Scripts/ServerShared/Agents/Agent.cs
+++ b/Assets/Scripts/ServerShared/Agents/Agent.cs
@@ -23,6 +23,9 @@ public class Agent
     private VelocityLimit _velocityLimit;
     
     public AgentTask Task { get; set; }
+    // Zone-scoped, from 1: the ordinal of this pilot's own dice, set by Zone.CreateAgent as it admits the pilot (0 for
+    // an agent built outside a zone's admission).
+    public uint Id { get; init; }
     public Ship Ship { get; }
     public ItemManager ItemManager { get; }
     public GameplaySettings Settings { get; }
diff --git a/Assets/Scripts/ServerShared/Agents/States/Combat.cs b/Assets/Scripts/ServerShared/Agents/States/Combat.cs
index 8ed210567..499f631b0 100644
--- a/Assets/Scripts/ServerShared/Agents/States/Combat.cs
+++ b/Assets/Scripts/ServerShared/Agents/States/Combat.cs
@@ -173,7 +173,10 @@ public class CombatState : BaseState
                 maxRange = weapon.Range;
         }
 
-        var offset = _agent.ItemManager.Random.NextFloat((maxRange - minRange) / DPS_SAMPLE_COUNT);
+        // The pilot's own dice, a pure function of the zone seed and its id: the same offset at every resample, and
+        // nothing that mints an item can move it.
+        var offset = SimulationDice.For(_agent.Ship.Zone.CombatSeed, SimulationDice.CombatSampleStream, _agent.Id)
+            .NextFloat((maxRange - minRange) / DPS_SAMPLE_COUNT);
         var optimumDPS = 0f;
         for (int i = 0; i < DPS_SAMPLE_COUNT; i++)
         {
diff --git a/Assets/Scripts/ServerShared/SimulationDice.cs b/Assets/Scripts/ServerShared/SimulationDice.cs
index 94d8f8946..ce646d670 100644
--- a/Assets/Scripts/ServerShared/SimulationDice.cs
+++ b/Assets/Scripts/ServerShared/SimulationDice.cs
@@ -10,6 +10,10 @@ public static class SimulationDice
 {
     public const uint LootStream = 1;
     public const uint MineStream = 2;
+    // A pilot's own decisions, ordinal Agent.Id: its preferred engagement range and its patrol circuit. AI behaviour
+    // never rides ItemManager.Random, so minting items cannot change how a pilot fights.
+    public const uint CombatSampleStream = 3;
+    public const uint PatrolStream = 4;
 
     // 9.1 (docs/fire-control-cut.md): fmix32, MurmurHash3's 32-bit finalizer -- xor-shift, multiply,
     // xor-shift, multiply, xor-shift. Diffuses a structured seed (a zone seed XORed with a small,
diff --git a/Assets/Scripts/ServerShared/Zone.cs b/Assets/Scripts/ServerShared/Zone.cs
index bb8e9adfe..4fc40fc53 100644
--- a/Assets/Scripts/ServerShared/Zone.cs
+++ b/Assets/Scripts/ServerShared/Zone.cs
@@ -133,6 +133,10 @@ public class Zone
     // The death ordinal of the loot dice: the nth death in this zone rolls on SimulationDice.For(CombatSeed, LootStream, n).
     private uint _deaths;
 
+    // The zone-scoped agent ordinal, from 1, never reused: the key of a pilot's own dice.
+    private uint _lastAgentId;
+    public uint NextAgentId() => ++_lastAgentId;
+
     // One death subscription per member entity: Admit creates it together with the membership, Remove disposes it
     // together with the membership, and nothing else touches either.
     private readonly Dictionary<Entity, IDisposable> _deathWatches = new Dictionary<Entity, IDisposable>();
@@ -301,9 +305,11 @@ public class Zone
         var key = ship.Faction ?? Unaffiliated;
         if (!_flights.TryGetValue(key, out var flight))
             _flights[key] = flight = new Flight(ship.Faction?.Doctrine, _itemManager.GameplaySettings);
-        var agent = new Minion(ship, flight.Combatant);
+        var id = NextAgentId();
+        var agent = new Minion(ship, flight.Combatant) { Id = id };
         var task = new PatrolOrbitsTask();
-        task.Circuit = Orbits.OrderBy(_ => _itemManager.Random.NextFloat()).Take(4).Select(x => x.Key).ToArray();
+        var dice = SimulationDice.For(CombatSeed, SimulationDice.PatrolStream, id);
+        task.Circuit = Orbits.OrderBy(_ => dice.NextFloat()).Take(4).Select(x => x.Key).ToArray();
         flight.Join(agent, task);
         return agent;
     }
diff --git a/tests/Aetheria.Shared.Tests/FireControlPerWeaponTests.cs b/tests/Aetheria.Shared.Tests/FireControlPerWeaponTests.cs
index 2eca55442..72cec2284 100644
--- a/tests/Aetheria.Shared.Tests/FireControlPerWeaponTests.cs
+++ b/tests/Aetheria.Shared.Tests/FireControlPerWeaponTests.cs
@@ -780,6 +780,27 @@ public sealed class FireControlPerWeaponTests : IDisposable
         Assert.True(Optimum(1f) - Optimum(0f) > 100f);
     }
 
+    // The range-sample offset is the pilot's own draw (zone seed, its id), never the item stream's: the same pilot
+    // samples the same optimum however many items were minted before it spawned, and two pilots sample their own.
+    // Kills: the offset drawn from ItemManager.Random; the agent id dropped from the draw.
+    [Fact]
+    public void AnAgentsSampleOffsetIsItsOwnAndNotTheItemStreams()
+    {
+        var r = Build(range: 400f, decoy: true);
+        float Optimum(uint id, int itemsMintedFirst)
+        {
+            for (var i = 0; i < itemsMintedFirst; i++) r.Shooter.ItemManager.Random.NextFloat();
+            var combat = new CombatState(new Minion(r.Shooter, new RoleDoctrine { RangeExponent = 1f, MinHitProbability = .2f }) { Id = id });
+            combat.Update(0f);
+            return combat.OptimumRange;
+        }
+
+        Assert.Equal(Optimum(3, 0), Optimum(3, 0));
+        Assert.Equal(Optimum(3, 0), Optimum(3, 17));
+        Assert.True(Enumerable.Range(1, 8).Select(i => Optimum((uint) i, 0)).Distinct().Count() > 1,
+            "pilots with different ids sample different offsets");
+    }
+
     // A round refused on a Range that fell between the trigger and the round is still free: the burst is paid
     // (SingleAmmoBurst) at its first round that is not refused, judged with the Range that round flies with.
     // The trigger saw a stale Range of 100; the round's Range is 29.5, under the arming distance. The refusal